Joshi, Deepika2025-12-252025-12-252025https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14572/3840Deepika Joshi Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu, NepalAbstract: The debate between open and closed Intensive Care Units (ICUs) remains unresolved, with each model offering distinct advantages and challenges. Open ICUs allow primary physicians to manage their patients, promoting continuity of care but risking fragmented decision-making. In contrast, closed ICUs ensure standardized, evidence-based management by intensivists, leading to improved efficiency and better patient outcomes. A hybrid ICU model offers a compromise, balancing flexibility with structured care. In Nepal, ICU structures vary based on resource availability, with tertiary centers favoring closed or hybrid models. Ultimately, the ideal ICU model depends on institutional policies, staffing, and patient needs, prioritizing optimal care delivery.en-USclosed ICUhybrid ICUintensive care unitopen ICUArticle