Aacharya, Ramesh P2025-07-252025-07-252024https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14572/663Ramesh P AacharyaAbstract Public health ethics in Nepal involves navigating the balance between individual rights and the collective good, especially in settings with limited resources. Nepal’s distinct socio-economic conditions, cultural diversity, and unequal access to healthcare create significant ethical challenges. This review article delves into these ethical considerations, focusing on cultural sensitivity, equitable access, and the need to balance public health priorities with individual autonomy. Ethical dilemmas frequently arise when allocating scarce resources, particularly in preventive measures like vaccination campaigns, where the needs of the many may outweigh the rights of the few. Cultural beliefs and practices play a vital role in public health ethics in Nepal. Ethical dilemmas often surface when public health interventions, such as vaccination programs, conflict with deeply rooted cultural beliefs, sometimes fueled by rumors. Addressing these issues ethically requires a culturally sensitive approach that respects local traditions while advancing public health goals. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the ethical challenges within Nepal’s public health system. Measures like lockdowns, mandatory use of face masks, vaccination drives, and quarantine protocols raised important questions about individual freedoms versus the collective good. The ethical management of scarce resources, such as ICU beds and oxygen supplies, emerged as a critical issue, demanding transparent and equitable decision-making processes. Overall, public health ethics in Nepal is shaped by the imperative to balance individual rights with community welfare within a context of resource limitations and cultural diversity. Tackling these ethical challenges is essential for advancing public health and ensuring the well-being of the population. Keywords: Public Health, Autonomy, Collective good, Justice, Equityen-USArticle