Bam, NirajPokhrel, MilanKhanal, Kapil2026-02-012026-02-012025https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14572/4416Niraj Bam Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Milan Pokhrel Department of Internal Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Kapil Khanal Department of Internal Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, NepalAbstract; Anthracosis and Lung cancer may present with similar clinical features such as Dyspnea, cough, and hemoptysis. A chest X-ray and computerized tomography (CT) scan may reveal a lung mass in both conditions, leading to a misdiagnosis. In this case report, we present a 60-year-old female smoker who was initially diagnosed with Lung cancer based on clinical and radiological findings. The lung mass was found to be anthracosis after a bronchoscopy and confirmed by histopathological examination. Thus, we emphasize that overreliance on a single diagnostic modality may lead to a false diagnosis, and a more comprehensive approach is necessary.en-USAnthracosisBronchoscopyLung cancerSmokerArticle