2025-08-172025-08-17https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14572/1673ABOUT THE JOURNAL Journal of Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences (JMIHS) is an open access, peer-reviewed, biannual journal. The journal publishes health sciences related articles. JMIHS is an official publication of the Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences (MIHS), Janakpurdham, Nepal. Journal of Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences follows: International Committee of Medical Journal Editors for Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals World Association of Medical Editors for best editorial practice Council of Science Editors for best editorial practice Committee on Publication Ethics for practicing good publication ethics It publishes articles on the following category: Original articles Review articles Case Report/ Series Editorials Viewpoints Medical Education Letter to the Editor Specially Invited Articles AIMS AND SCOPE OF THE JOURNAL Journal of Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences is an open access, peer-reviewed, biannual journal that encompasses all fundamental and molecular aspects of basic medical and clinical sciences. The Journal of Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences is an official journal of Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences, Janakpurdham, Nepal. The Journal of Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences is committed to publishing high quality original research that represents a clear advance in biomedical science and reviews that summarize recent advances in this field. The overall aim of the Journal is to provide a platform for the dissemination of new and innovative research and technology on the diagnosis and management of disease. JMIHS also aims to provide an international forum for encouraging interdisciplinary discussions and contributing to the advancement of medicine, benefiting readers and authors by accelerating the dissemination of research information and providing maximum access to scholarly communication. JMIHS welcomes in vitro and in vivo experimental studies that explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying human disease, in addition to studies that translate these findings to clinical diagnosis and patient management. The journal seeks to promote research, exchange of scientific information, consideration of regulatory mechanisms that affect drug development and utilization, and medical education. JMIHS take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation and support. Research papers, review articles, short communications, news are welcomed in JMIHS. Based on the quality and originality of the research, each paper will undergo peer review before being published in the Journal of Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences. JMIHS hopes that Researchers, Research scholars, Academician, Industrialists, etc. would make use of this journal for the development of science and technology. PUBLISHER & PUBLICATION FREQUENCY The Journal of Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences is published biannually in June and December by Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences FUNDING The Journal of Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences is an official journal of Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences, Janakpurdham, Nepal, so all the expenses of JMIHS is incurred by Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences. PUBLICATION CHARGE POLICY JMIHS does not charge any fees for submission, article processing, publication, and reading. PROTECTION OF RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS AND PATIENTS' RIGHTS TO PRIVACY When reporting experiments on human subjects, authors should indicate whether the procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national). If doubt exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards, the authors must explain the rationale for their approach, and demonstrate that the institutional review body explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. When reporting experiments on animals, authors should be asked to indicate whether the institutional and national guide for the care and use of laboratory animals was followed. RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS POLICY JMIHS takes great care to make sure that the research article has maintained such integrity. However, if you suspect any misconduct in our published article, please report it to us. JMIHS reserve the right to investigate misconduct in any suspected article submitted or published in the JMIHS. We will collaborate and communicate with relevant and concerned authority to maintain ethics in research and publication. As a globally active open access publisher, we strive to promote the best practices in the academic arena and maintain integrity in all of our publishing activities. We follow the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly work in Medical Journals issued by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the Cope of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors issued by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All of our publishing activities are guided by the following core ethical values: Authorship and contributorship: All authors and co-authors must meet the criteria for authorship and ensure appropriate credit is given in their manuscript. Authors are encouraged to make a clear statement about contributions to their work. Originality: Authors must guarantee the submitted manuscript was originally written by them. The work must not have been published previously nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere. If the work and/or words of others are included, they must be appropriately cited or quoted. Data access and citation: Authors may be requested to provide the raw data relevant to the paper for editorial review. They should also be prepared to provide public access to such data. Data must be cited in the same way as article, book, and web citations and authors are required to include data citations as part of their reference list. Acknowledgment of sources: The authors should properly acknowledge any work in the manuscript that has been contributed by others. Declaration and conflicts of interest: All submissions must include disclosure of all relationships that could be viewed as presenting a potential conflict of interest. Reporting standards: Authors of original research papers should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Human and Animal Rights: For research that includes experiments involving humans, a statement of compliance is required to show that procedures were followed in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national). For research that reports on experiments involving animals, authors are asked to indicate whether the institutional and/or national guide for the care and use of laboratory animals was followed. Research ethics: The research we publish must have received a statement of approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and, where applicable, informed consent. Clinical trials must have been registered in clinical trial registries, in adherence with local and international standards. Authors' ethical statement: Authors are accountable for all aspects of their work (including full data access, data integrity, and the accuracy of the data analysis) in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. RESEARCH ETHICS POLICY JMIHS retain the right to reject any manuscript on the basis of unethical conduct in either human or animal studies. Human Research For research involving human experiments, the article must include a statement that ethical approval was obtained (or a statement that ethical approval was not required and why), including the name of the ethics committee(s) or institutional review board(s), the number/ID of the approval(s), and a statement that the participants gave informed consent before taking part (or a statement that consent was not required and why). Authors should also state that the study conformed to the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in Edinburgh 2000), available at: https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/declaration-of-helsinki/doh-oct2000. In line with the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the Declaration of Helsinki, clinical trials should be prospectively registered before participants are enrolled. Clinical trial registration numbers should be included in all papers that report on clinical trials. Where illustrations include recognizable individuals, living or deceased, great care must be taken to ensure that consent for publication has been given. Patient anonymity should be preserved. Photographs need to be cropped sufficiently to prevent human subjects from being recognized, and (at a minimum) the eyes and eyebrows must be masked using coarse pixilation to make the individual unrecognizable. Animal Research For any experiments involving animals, the authors must indicate the nature of the ethical review permissions, relevant licenses (e.g., Animal [Scientific Procedures] Act 1986), and national or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals by which the research was conducted. Where necessary, the Editorial Office reserves the right to request additional information in relation to experiments featured in a manuscript.