Browsing by Author "Anwar, Afaque"
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Publication Positive Microbiological Stains of Corneal Scrapings among Patients with Keratitis in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Poudyal, Prija; Singh, Sanjay Kumar; Rajbanshi, Amit; Anwar, AfaqueAbstract Introduction: Keratitis, an ocular emergency, requires rapid and accurate treatment to prevent vision impairment. Wet mount direct microscopy examination of corneal scraping smear using gram and 10% potassium hydroxide stain helps in early diagnosis and treatment. The main objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of positive microbiological stains of corneal scrapings among patients with keratitis in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine from January, 2018 to December, 2019. Data collection was done after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee of the hospital (Reference number: BEH-IRC-35/A). All corneal smear samples received in this department were included in this study. Case records with incomplete data were excluded. Whole sampling was done. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0. Frequency and percentage was calculated for binary data. Results: Among 4631 corneal scrapings, microbiological stains were positive in 3538 (76.40%) patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of positive microbiological stains of corneal scrapings in our study was higher in comparison to other studies done in similar settings. This technique could be used where culture facilities are unavailable or unaffordable.Publication Primary Congenital Glaucoma among the Children Under 3 Years of Age in the Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Authors(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Sitoula, Rakshya Panta; Gurung, Jamuna; Anwar, AfaqueAbstract: Introduction: Primary congenital glaucoma is a rare vision-threatening condition of children. Primary congenital glaucoma though a rare disease it is the most common cause of childhood glaucoma with potency to cause blindness. This study was undertaken to find the prevalence of the children with primary congenital glaucoma under 3 years of age in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary eye center in Nepal in children (≤ 3 years) presented in the outpatient department of a tertiary eye hospital between June 2017 and June 2020. The study was approved by the hospital review committee and adhered to the declaration of Helsinki. A convenient sampling method was used. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated with frequency distribution. Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: Out of total children under 3 years who presented to the outpatient department, 46 (0.31%) at 95% Confidence Interval (0.30-0.32) had primary congenital glaucoma. Among them, 30 children (65.2%) had bilateral involvement. Mean intraocular pressure was 42.40±8.15mm Hg. The mean age of initial presentation, horizontal corneal diameter, and axial length were 12.07±8.9 months, 12.95±1mm, and 23.89±1.7mm respectively. Consanguinity was observed in 12 (26%) children. Conclusions: From the study, we conclude that there was a low prevalence of primary congenital glaucoma among children under 3 years of age who presented to the outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital.