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NepMed is a Nepal MEDLINE(Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) by Nepal Health Research Council(NHRC). It includes bibliographic information for articles from academic biomedical journals covering medicine, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry veterinary medicine, and allied health sciences.

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Article

Atypical presentation of autoimmune pancreatitis

(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2025) Shrestha, Ramila; Shrestha, Milan; Bhusal, Yuvraj; Shrestha, Swarup; Yadav, Ajay Kumar; Khadka, Dibas

Abstract: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an inflammation in the pancreas from an autoimmune etiology. It is often difficult to diagnosis with significant morbidity and mortality. It can present with two subtypes of AIP type 1 and type 2. There is limited data on the treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis. Most patients are respond to corticosteroid therapy.

Article

Knowledge of the effect of pesticide use in vegetables and fruits on health and environment among consumers: a descriptive cross-sectional study

(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2025) Jyoti, Sabita; Yadav, Mukesh; Yadav, Anika; Sharma, Sakar

Abstract: According to the WHO, pesticides are chemical compounds that are used to kill pests, including insects, rodents, fungi, and unwanted plants (weeds) or it is any substance, or mixture of substances of chemical or biological ingredients intended for repelling, destroying, or controlling any pest, or regulating plant growth. Persistent organic pollutants circulate globally as a set of toxic chemicals that are persistent in the environment and can last for several years before breaking down. This study aims to find out the knowledge of consumers on effects of pesticide used in vegetables and fruits on health and environment. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among visitors of patients, students, and staff at tertiary center after getting ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee. Individuals who know effects of pesticides on health were included in the study and those who did not give consent for study were excluded. Convenience sampling method was used. Out of 324 participants, 146 (45.10%) of participants reside in urban areas, followed by semi-urban 107 (33.0%) and rural 71 (21.90%). Organophosphates are the most common pesticides used on fruits and vegetables, 167 (51.54%). The risk of pesticide residues to health was known by 295 (91.0%) of respondents. According to the majority, 291 (89.80%) pesticides used are bad for the environment, and only 33 (10.20%) think that pesticide use is not bad for the environment. This descriptive cross-sectional study concludes diverse levels of knowledge among consumers regarding the effect of pesticide use in vegetables and fruits, as well as knowledge level influenced by education, income, and geographic location. There is an urgent need for accessible, clear communication through labelling and public education to bridge these gaps and to promote sustainable consumer practice.

Article

Treatment profile and etiology of neonatal jaundice in newborn admitted in a tertiary care centre of Nepal

(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2025) Tamang, Poonam Bodh; Shrestha, Sabina; Lama, Lopsang; Dhungel, Amrit; Pandey, Sikha

Abstract: Neonatal jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of sclera and skin in a newborn baby due to increase bilirubin levels. Complication may include neonatal seizures, cerebral palsy (CP) or kernicterus. Cause of jaundice could be physiological or pathological but the need of treatment depends on serum bilirubin levels, postnatal age of baby and the underlying cause. This was a hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study of neonates admitted at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital during the period of January 2022 to Dec 2023. A total of 4,113 deliveries was conducted during the study period. Out of them, a total 1,031 newborns were admitted out of which 157 neonates (15.22%) had significant hyperbilirubinemia. Among them, 53.5% were male and 46.5% were female babies. Regarding the gestational age, 32 (20.38%) babies were preterm and 125 (79.62%) were full term. Common causes of hyperbilirubinemia were physiological jaundice 79 (50.32%) followed by sepsis 27 (17.20%), prematurity 22 (14.01%), infant of diabetic mother 16 (10.20%), birth asphyxia 3 (1.91%), 5 (3.2%) of intrauterine growth restriction cases, 4 (2.54%) and 1 (0.63%) were due to blood group (ABO and Rh) incompatibility, respectively. Phototherapy was given to 100.0% (157) of the babies. None of the case required exchange transfusion. All babies were discharged after treatment as general condition of babies were good.

Article

Utilization, satisfaction and out-of-pocket expenditure associated with national health insurance scheme among patients attending Lumbini medical college

(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2025) Marhatta, Anu; Nepal, Samata; Shrestha, Sajja

Abstract: Health insurance is a method to finance healthcare with coverage that pays off medical expenses that arise due to an illness, injury or accidents. The National Health Insurance Scheme was introduced by the Government of Nepal in April 2016. Initially roll-out in three districts, social health insurance has been gradually expanded and is now available in all 77 districts of Nepal. The government of Nepal aims to provide quality health care services without imposing a financial burden on its citizens through the health insurance policy scheme. The study intends to assess utilization, and satisfaction of the national health insurance scheme among patients visiting Lumbini medical college teaching hospital. This is a cross-sectional analytical study done in 411 patients visiting Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital, Palpa using simple random sampling method. The selected patients were interviewed regarding socio-demographic details, utilization status and satisfaction level of the NHIS using a pre-structured questionnaire with a face-to-face patient exit interview technique. Data was entered in SPSS-16 for analysis. The data was presented in frequency, percentage, and, figures to express the results. The NHIS was utilized by 88.3% of insured respondents and 46.8% of insured spend above the optimum amount of insurance to cover all their health expenditures. Satisfaction with the NHIS was reported by 66.6% of the participants. The study revealed that majority of patients are utilizing NHIS with satisfaction.

Article

Risk factors associated with cerebrovascular accidents: a cross- sectional study from western nepal

(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2025) Silwal, Mahesh

Abstract: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with a particularly high burden in South Asia due to increasing prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to assess the association of risk factors and clinical profiles of ischemic and hemorrhagic CVA in a tertiary care center in Western Nepal. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the emergency department of Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital from August 2021 to July 2022. A total of 478 CVA patients were included through convenience sampling. Data on risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes were collected and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Among 478 patients, 238 (49.8%) had ischemic CVA and 240 (50.2%) had hemorrhagic CVA. Hypertension (68.0% vs. 76.0%; p=0.047) and alcohol consumption (33.0% vs. 58.0%; p<0.001) were significantly associated with hemorrhagic CVA, while smoking (73.0% vs. 51.0%; p<0.001) and dyslipidemia (51.0% vs. 40.0%; p=0.017) were more common in ischemic CVA. Common clinical features included arm weakness (70.3%), slurred speech (23.6%), and facial drooping (23.0%). Hemorrhagic CVA was significantly associated with loss of consciousness (p<0.001), higher median systolic blood pressure (160 vs. 140 mmHg; p<0.001), and lower mean GCS (10 vs. 13; p<0.001). Mortality was higher in hemorrhagic CVA (N=59; p<0.001), while 97.0% of ischemic stroke patients were discharged. Significant associations between specific risk factors and stroke subtypes were observed. Early identification and management of modifiable risk factors are crucial to reducing the burden and severity of CVA in Nepal.

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