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NepMed is a Nepal MEDLINE(Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) by Nepal Health Research Council(NHRC). It includes bibliographic information for articles from academic biomedical journals covering medicine, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry veterinary medicine, and allied health sciences.

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Article

Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture: a case report

(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2025) KC, Sudeep; Acharya, Riwaz

Abstract: Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture is a rare but serious condition, often linked to high-velocity injuries, predominantly located on the left side. Traumatic ruptured diaphragm is a surgical emergency with a high mortality rate, and diagnosing it can be challenging. This report discusses a 48-year-old male who initially presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with complaints of chest pain and shortness of breath after a fall. Initial chest X-ray showed elevated right diaphragm and basal atelectasis, while Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed right sided diaphragmatic rupture with intra thoracic liver herniation and multiple bone fractures. Diaphragmatic rupture was later confirmed during surgery and underwent closure of the defect. This particular case underscores the importance of early detection and immediate treatment for traumatic ruptured diaphragm. This case report delves into an instance of right sided traumatic diaphragmatic rupture in a polytrauma patient. Radiological imaging not only plays a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis but also guides treatment planning, including the consideration of other associated injuries.

Article

Prevalence of common ear nose and throat diseases in a Tertiary care center during monsoon season in Nepal

(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2025) Shrestha, Kundan Kumar; Dhungana, Anup; Joshi, Rupesh Raj; Shrestha, Shivani; Mishra, Sumedh

Abstract: Ear, nose and throat (ENT) disorders contribute significantly to global morbidity and mortality, with variations in disease patterns across different regions and seasons. Nepal’s diverse climate, particularly during the rainy monsoon season, influences the prevalence of certain ENT diseases. This study aimed to assess the pattern of ENT disorders during the rainy season (monsoon) at a tertiary hospital in Nepal. A descriptive study was conducted at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital from June to September 2024. A total of 1042 patients aged 1 year and above were included using purposive sampling. Data was collected through clinical examinations and investigations. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Among the 1042 participants, 57.77% were female, and the mean age was 31.07±18.62 years. The most prevalent ENT diseases were throat disorders (44.82%), ear disorders (44.05%), and nose disorders (11.13%). Acute pharyngitis (12.38%), acute otitis media (9.50%), and allergic rhinitis (2.87%) were the most common conditions. The study revealed an increased prevalence of acute pharyngitis, tonsillitis, acute otitis media (AOM), and allergic rhinitis during the monsoon season. This highlights the importance of early diagnosis, treatment, and preventive strategies for reducing disease burden during this period.

Article

Patterns of sexually transmitted infections in a Tertiary care hospital: an alarming rise in the prevalence of syphilis

(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2026) Paudel, Upama; Sharma, Ashu; Chapagain, Laxman; Gartaula, Manisha; Gupta, Pooja; Parajuli, Sudip

Abstract: It is essential to know the current patterns of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for planning and implementing strategies. Recently, syphilis seems to be increasing in number but has not been documented. The objective of this study was to study the patterns of STIs in patients attending dermatology and venereology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. This was a cross-sectional study of the data obtained retrospectively from the records of STI cases attending the dermatology and venereology outpatient of a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu from 1st April 2024 to 30th September 2024. The demographic details, clinical diagnosis, and investigation findings were extracted from the records and analyzed using SPSS 26. One hundred and sixty-three cases of STIs attended the dermatology outpatient department, 110(67.5%) were males and 53(32.5%) were females. The age of presentations ranged from 17 years to 75years. Maximum number of cases (n=62, 38%) were in the age group of 15 to 25 years. Syphilis was the most common diagnosis (n=112, 68.7%), with hospital -based prevalence of 1.2% with male predominance. Late latent syphilis was more common among syphilis accounting for 38.4%(n=43) of all syphilis. Condyloma acuminata (n=25, 15.3%) was the second most common STI followed by gonorrhea (n=12,7.4%). In conclusion, syphilis was the common presentation in our study followed by condyloma acuminata and gonorrhea. Late latent cases were the most common presentation within the cases of syphilis. STIs were common in young age and male sex.

Article

Gender-based violence cases recorded at one-stop crisis management center (OCMC) of a provincial hospital of Nepal, a descriptive study

(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2025) Sharma, Suraj; Pyakurel, Manaswi; Shrestha, Amrita; Katwal, Barshika; Shrestha, Niranjan

Abstract: The term “violence” denotes an act of physical force that causes or is intended to cause harm. Gender-based violence is a worldwide problem and has been affecting 1 (35.00%) in three women in their lifetime. Following cases fall under GBV in Nepal: rape, sexual abuse, physical abuse, forced marriage and child marriage. This is a hospital-based prospective study conducted for a period of 6 months (from January 1st 2023 till the end of June 2023). It was collected from the records, which is secondary data, of all the gender-based violence cases being presented to the One-Stop Crisis Management Center (OCMC) of the provincial hospital of Bagmati Province. The level of violence was identified by the medico-legally trained medical officers and nursing personnel (allocated as the OCMC head) of the hospital. The data collected were grouped as under physical violence, domestic violence, sexual violence, child marriage, mental abuse and other violence. The data was analyzed using SPSS-16. Out of the total cases (156) which arrived to the OCMC, maximum cases (39.10%) were in the age group of 15-30 years. Majority of the cases (94.87%) were females. The gender-based violence cases were predominantly observed on janajatis (58.97%). Sexual violence accounted for 45.51% of the total number of cases. Majority of the perpetrators of violence (17.94%) was accounted by relatives. The highest number of gender based violence cases (32.69%) returned to respective organizations. The OCMC of the provincial hospital provides a one-door system for the effective management of the cases. Strict plans and policies need to be made by the government to reduce the burden of violence in females. More centers need to be established throughout the country so that there is more coverage of the cases.

Article

The burden of morbidity, associated expenditure, and life satisfaction among geriatric population in Nepal

(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2025) Shrestha, Marina Vaidya; Shrestha, Sunil Babu; Joshi, Sunil Kumar

Abstract: An increase in life expectancy has raised a concern about whether these extra added years are characterized by good health and independence or health problems and dependency on others for care. Maximum life satisfaction (LS) is necessary to have healthy aging. The current study aimed to analyze the morbidity burden, associated expenditure, and life satisfaction among elderly population. A cross-sectional study was conducted at four different Municipalities of Bhaktapur district from February 1 to Sep 31, 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee. A total sample size was 212 elderly participants above 60 years were included in this study. Stratified sampling method was applied. The questionnaire consisted of: a) socio-demographic b) morbidity and treatment cost c) coping strategy d) life satisfaction (LISAT-11). Descriptive statistics, chi-square (χ2) test, T-test and Anova was applied. This study involved 212 elderly participants (median age 69), primarily female (56.1%) and mostly from privileged ethnic backgrounds (86.8%).This study highlighted gender disparities, income sources, health conditions, and healthcare costs. Chronic conditions were prevalent among females and illiterate individuals. Cardiovascular issues were common. Females used outpatient services more, while males were hospitalized. Health expenses were significant, mainly covered by insurance and personal savings. Life satisfaction varied based on demographics and lifestyle factors.The elderly population bears a burden of morbidity, marked by a notable presence of health conditions and diseases. This burden leads to considerable personal expenses on healthcare services, especially concerning medication costs. Despite the financial pressures from healthcare expenditures, older individuals exhibit diverse degrees of life satisfaction.

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