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NepMed is a Nepal MEDLINE(Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) by Nepal Health Research Council(NHRC). It includes bibliographic information for articles from academic biomedical journals covering medicine, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry veterinary medicine, and allied health sciences.

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Publication

Outcome of Referred Obstetric Patients in Paropakar Maternity and Womens Hospital

(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Yadav, Pritee; Silwal, Sashi; Yadav, Prashant Sagar

Abstract: Background: Lack of a structured referral system is a challenging hurdle in developing countries like Nepal that delays in management. Identification causes of delays and their timely management is of immense importance. The study aimed to assess the maternal and fetal outcome of referred-in obstetric patients and to identify various maternal determinants of referrals inParopakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital. Methods: A prospective study was conducted during 3 months duration from May to June 2021 among undelivered obstetric cases who were referred to Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital. Study excluded self-referrals, without referral slips and postpartum patients. Maternal determinants, mode of management, maternal and fetal outcomes were noted. Results: Out of 47 cases enrolled, most common diagnosis of referral was hypertensive disorder accounting for 19.14% followed by intrauterine growth restriction comprising 10.6%. Of total, 55.3% of referred patients were from the district hospitals. Ambulances rescued 78.7% of cases and 10.6% were rescued by helicopter. About 12.7% of the referred cases required intensive care management. Live birth were 86.3%, still birth 4.5% and 9.1% of Intrauterine Fetal Death. Conclusions: Among the varied high risk cases, most common diagnosis at the time of referral was hypertensive disorders followed by cases requiring critical care and surgical management. This highlights need and scope of strengthening emergency obstetric care centres and early identification and treatment of high risk cases antenatally at every level of health centres.

Publication

Maternal Satisfaction with Childbirth Services in a Birthing Center: A Comparative

(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Budhathoki, Abiruchi; Gaudel, Krishna; Sharma, Saraswati; Paudel, Radha

Abstract: Background: Maternal satisfaction is higher in the midwife-led model than in other models of maternity care. The objective of this study was to compare maternal satisfaction with childbirth services, receiving care in the birthing center, and the labor room. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive comparative research design was used for the study to compare the satisfaction of 70 postnatal mothers delivered in the birthing center (midwifery-led model) with 70 postnatal mothers delivered in the labor room (obstetrician-led model) of Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital. The study population comprised postnatal mothers with normal deliveries, selected using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested structured interview. Results: The median satisfaction score of the respondents delivered in the birthing center is higher (96.88%) than in the labor room (77.66%) with a statistical significant (p-value <0.001). Conclusions: Almost all the mothers who delivered their newborns at the birthing center were more satisfied with the childbirth services provided by midwives compared with the services provided in the labor room led by other healthcare providers. Therefore, the midwifery-led model should be expanded to improve maternal satisfaction with the childbirth service.

Publication

Histopathological Profile of Gastrointestinal Cancer

(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Bhattacharya, Baishali; Dhungana, Reechashree; Gautam, Naveen

Abstract: Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cancers are a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The objective of this study was to analyse the epidemiology, symptomatology and histopathology of gastrointestinal epithelial malignancies in a GI pathology laboratory based in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: An observational study was conducted to using the data collected from biopsy specimens, pathology reports, clinical information, and endoscopic reports of patients diagnosed from March, 2017 to December, 2018 in Samyak Pathology Lab (SPL), Kathmandu. Nonepithelial tumors were excluded. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 365. Results: Of 203 GI epithelial malignancies, there were 25 (12.3%) esophageal, 81 (39.9%) gastric, 29 (14.3%) duodenal/ampullary, and 68 (33.5%) colorectal carcinomas. Gastric cancer had a mean age of 59.7 years and a male-to-female (M: F) ratio of 2.4. Common symptoms included abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, and weight loss. The mean age for esophageal cancer was 65.8 years and the M: F ratio was 2.6. Dysphagia was the commonest symptom. Duodenal cancer had a mean age of 57.2 years and an M: F ratio of 1.2. Among these, 17 were periampullary carcinomas, and obstructive jaundice was the most common symptom. For colorectal cancer, the mean age was 54 years, and the M: F ratio was 1.6. Common symptoms included per-rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and altered bowel habits. Conclusions: Gastric cancer was the most common type of gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cancer in this study, followed by colorectal, duodenal/ampullary, and esophageal cancer. There was a male predominance. The rise in colorectal carcinoma points to lifestyle changes as a contributing factor.

Publication

Clinical Response to Amoxicillin among Children with Acute Suppurative Otitis Media

(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Joshi, Deepa; Nepal, Ajit; Shrestha, Namita; Rajbhandari, Piyush; Bagale, Gyanendra; Chapagain, Saroj; Dhakal, Srijana

Abstract: Background: Acute Suppurative Otitis Media(ASOM) is a very common disease of childhood caused by various bacteria and viruses. Amoxicillin is used as first line antibiotics in the community setting as well as hospital setting. Methods: This is a hospital based prospective observational cross-sectional study. All cases of ASOM of patients under 14 years presenting to the Patan Hospital with duration of less than 6weeks were included in the study. Ear discharge was collected using sterile cotton swab using aseptic precautions and sent to the Department of Microbiology for further processing. The children were treated with amoxicillin (80mg/kg/day) with maximum dose not exceeding 3g/day and follow up was done after 1 week of antibiotic therapy for clinical responsiveness. Results: Out of 32 cases, 13 cases showed no growth of organism in the culture sensitivity reports. Among remaining 19 cases, 9 were sensitive and 10 were resistant to amoxicillin. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (7) was the most common organism grown in the laboratory followed by Staphylococcus aureus (4) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4). Chloramphenicol, linezolid, clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole were the most common antibiotics sensitive to the organisms grown besides amoxicillin. Out of total 32 patients, 31 were responsive to high dose amoxicillin at the end of 1 week. Conclusions: Oral amoxicillin in high doses is effective in the treatment of ASOM in children.

Publication

Factors Associated with Male Involvement in Family Planning Utilization in a Tharu Community

(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Mahato, Neeta Devi; Dangol, Bhuwan Kumari

Abstract: Background: Male involvement in family planning not only enhances the couple’s uptake but also provides continuity through spousal coordination to meet the family planning need. The study aims to assess the factors associated with male involvement in family planning utilization. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used in Madhyabindu Municipality from14th August to 10th September 2022. After proportionately selecting from each ward, the data was collected through a systematic random sampling technique among Tharu married males who were living together with reproductive age group wives. Data was analysed by using SPSS version-16. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. Results: Of the 151 males, almost half (49.7%) of the male had completed secondary level education. The majority (80.1%) had decided together by husband and wife about the contraceptive use. The majority (67.5%) of the male had active involvement in family planning utilization, while half (51.7%) of them visited family planning clinic and users of modern family planning methods were 40.4%. Most of (95.4%) them had easy access to temporary FP services and majority (74.2%) had easy access to permanent FP services. Education (p = 0.001), prior use of contraception (p = 0.001), and easy access to permanent family planning methods (p = 0.012) were statistically significant with male involvement in family planning utilization. Conclusions: Two-fifth of the males were users of family planning methods. Education, prior use of contraception and easy access to family planning services were the significant factors associated with male involvement in family planning utilization.

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