NepMed Repository :: Browsing by Author "Aryal, S"

Browsing by Author "Aryal, S"

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Dental Biofilm Accumulation and Gingival Health of Teeth with Fixed Single Prosthesis Fabricated by Various Prosthetic Materials
(Kathmandu University, 2024) Pradhan, A; Shrestha, K; Aryal, S; Shrestha, S
ABSTRACT Background Periodontal health plays an important role in maintaining the health of natural teeth as well as in the success of all dental procedures. Fixed single prosthesis (dental crown) can be fabricated with different types of prosthetic restorative materials like Metal, Ceramic, Ceramic fused to metal. These different materials have different affinity for plaque accumulation leading to the development of gingival inflammation and periodontal disease. Objective To determine the amount of Plaque accumulation and gingival health of teeth with a fixed single prosthesis fabricated by various Prosthetic materials. Method This quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2021 to March 2022. The patients who visited the hospital after six months of use of the prosthesis enrolled and were categorized into three groups according to the material used for the prosthesis metal, ceramic, and metal-ceramic. The periodontal condition was assessed using the plaque index and gingival index. Result A total of 136 patients (78 female and 58 male) were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 39.44 ± 16.23 years (Range 19 – 70 years). There were 47 patients with ceramic crowns, 39 patients with metallic, and 50 patients with metal ceramic crowns. The mean plaque index of metal, ceramic, and metal-ceramic crowns was found 1.15 ± 0.546, 0.86 ± 0.479, and 0.93 ± 0.498 respectively. Similarly, the mean gingival index of metal, ceramic, and metal-ceramic crown were 1.22 ± 0.56, 0.91 ± 0.48, and 1.09 ± 0.55 respectively. Conclusion The dental biofilm (plaque) accumulation and hence gingival inflammation is less in ceramic crowns than in metal and metal-ceramic crowns. KEY WORDS Dental crown, Dental plaque index, Gingival index
Guidelines for the Application of Environmental Health Impact Assessment Process for Development Projects of Nepal
(Nepal Health Research Council, 2003) Yadav, C S; Aryal, S
Perception of Students on Online Assessment: A Descriptive Study among Medical Undergraduates at Basic Sciences
(Kathmandu University, 2021) Maharjan, BR; Devbhandari, RP; Pradhan, P; Byanju, J; Aryal, S
ABSTRACT Background Assessment drives learning. Student assessment cannot be neglected in the long ongoing online learning during COVID-19 pandemic to motivate and assess students’ learning. Hence Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS) conducted online assessment to medical undergraduates amidst limitations. Objective To measure the perception of online assessment of students which will provide applicable insights for the further improvement. Method This is a single center, cross-sectional and descriptive study. A Google form containing a semi-structured questionnaire was sent to MBBS students of Basic Science at PAHS who attended online classes and online examination. The responses from close ended questions expressed in percentage and Chi-square test was used to find the association. Open ended questions were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Result Of 118 students that responded, 75% passed the online examination. A majority of students (73%) stated that online exam motivated them in learning process and it could be a good alternative during pandemic time. However the most of students (56%) were unsatisfied with the modality of online assessment and reasons that they mentioned were technical problems (89%), inadequate online proctoring (77%), insufficient examination time (58%), lack of orientation to exam, lack of computer skills. Technical problem was worse in rural areas. Conclusion Even though online assessment motivated students’ learning during online classes, a large number of students were unsatisfied with assessment modality. KEY WORDS Cheating, Online assessment, Online learning
Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Use among Admitted Patients in Tertiary Care hospital: An observational study
(Kathmandu University, 2025) Aryal, S; Joshi, M; Uprety, BN; Shrestha, RK; Gupta, M; Shah, P; Rajbhandari, P; Amatya, R; Shrestha, P; Ojha, AR
ABSTRACT Background Monitoring the antimicrobial use is one of the key strategies to address the growing global threat of antimicrobial resistance. Objective To find out antimicrobial usage at tertiary care hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal. Result An observational cross-sectional study was carried out at the Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal on September 25 and 26, 2023. World Health Organization point prevalence survey methodology was used with minor modification to meet hospital’s context. The data on antimicrobial usage were collected from the medical records of patients admitted at or before 08:00 am on the day of the study in the acute care ward. Result The study involved 324 inpatients, with females comprising 176 (54.3%) and males 148(45.7%). The mean age was 37.89 years ± 24.87. Antibiotics usage was 78.1%. A total of 471 drug was prescribed of which 312 (66.2%) was used for therapeutic purpose and 159 (33.8%) for prophylaxis. Of 312 antibiotics, 283 (90.7%) were utilized empirically. Majority of prescribed medications belonged to watch group 16 (48.5%). Ceftriaxone was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic 142 (30.1%) and was the preferred choice for surgical prophylaxis 68 (94.4%). A total of 24 (72.7%) drugs were prescribed from the National List of Essential Medicines and 432 (91.7%) prescriptions were written using generic names. Conclusion The use of antibiotic was high, with good adherence to essential medicines and generic prescribing. Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship and evidence-based practices can further optimize prescribing, enhance patient safety and help combat antimicrobial resistance effectively. KEY WORDS Antibiotic, Nepal, Point prevalence survey, Tertiary care hospital
Stigma Related to Tuberculosis Among Patients Attending DOTS Clinics of Dharan Municipality
(Kathmandu University, 2012) Aryal, S; Badhu, A; Pandey, S; Bhandari, A; Khatiwoda, P; Khatiwada, P; Giri, A
ABSTRACT Background The patients suffering from tuberculosis are receiving shame and unfair treatment from the people living around them within their own society attending DOTS clinic of Dharan municipality. Objective To assess the stigma experienced by tuberculosis patients and to find out the association between stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patient and the selected variables (socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profile and illness experience). Methods Descriptive Cross Sectional study was done among sixty tuberculosis patients. Stratified random sampling was used to select the main center and sub center of Tuberculosis treatment and population proportionate simple random sampling using lottery method was done. Data was collected using predesigned, pretested performa from Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue developed by World Health Organization. Results The study revealed that 63.3% of the subjects were stigmatized. There was association between stigma and variables such as occupation, monthly family income and past history of Tuberculosis. There was also association of stigma with treatment phase, category of the patient and past outcome of illness. Conclusion Due to lack of knowledge and awareness about Tuberculosis, many patients were stigmatized. Efforts should be made to educate the public about Tuberculosis to reduce stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patients and improve the compliance of the patient. KEY WORDS direct observed treatment therapy, stigma, tuberculosis
The Effect of Improved Cook-stove on the Incidence of Childhood Pneumonia in Jumla
(Nepal Health Research Council, 2003) Aryal, S

Browsing by Author "Aryal, S"

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