Browsing by Author "Baral, DD"
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Publication Clinico- Biochemical Profile of Neonatal Seizure(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2008) Shah, GS; Singh, MK; Budhathoki, S; Kalakheti, BK; Baral, DDAbstract: Objectives: The present study was undertaken to study the incidence, etiological factor, and days of onset, clinical types and biochemical abnormalities in babies having neonatal seizures. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, observational hospital based study. Ninety neonates, who developed seizures before 28 days of life and admitted to neonatal intensive care unit and nursery with neonatal seizure, were evaluated for incidence, etiological factor, clinical types and biochemical abnormalities found in neonatal seizure. The variables were analysed using Chi- Square and student t- test. Results: The incidence of neonatal seizure was 10.3/ 1000 live births. The seizures were common in male babies. 65 (72.2%) neonates were born to multiparous women while 35 (38%) were born to primigravidas. In birth asphyxia (n= 40), the most common type of seizure observed was subtle seizure 20 (50%), followed by focal clonic 10 (25%) and multifocal clonic 5 (12.5%). Tonic type of seizure was observed in 3 (7.5%) and myoclonic in 2 (5%). Meningitis and septicaemia was the second most common cause of neonatal seizure observed in our study. Among metabolic abnormalities hypoglycaemia was found in 20 (22%) and hypocalcaemia in 10 (11%). Conclusion: The commonest cause of seizure was birth asphyxia presenting within 72 hours of life. Among infection septicaemia and meningitis was the most common cause leading to neonatal seizure. Among biochemical abnormalities the most common cause of seizure observed in our study was hypoglycaemia and hypocalcaemia. Subtle seizures were the commonest type of seizure observed in this study.Publication Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized Under Five Children in Central Nepal(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2013) Yadav, S; Khinchi, Y; Pan, A; Gupta, SK; Shah, GS; Baral, DD; Poudel, PAbstract: Introduction: Acute respiratory infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under 5 children in developing countries. There are various modifiable risk factors associated with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI). Hence, identification of associated risk factors for ARI may be helpful to reduce the burden of disease. The aims of this study were to study the risk factors for ARI in under five hospitalized children and to correlate risk factors with ARI related morbidity. It was a hospital- based prospective study. Materials and Methods: Children of less than 5 years admitted in ward with diagnosis of ARI were enrolled in the study as cases. Control included children under 5 years of age attending to Well Baby Clinic, Immunization Clinic and siblings or relatives under 5 years who came with patients in the Paediatric outpatient department of the same institution during the same period. Various risk factors, demographic and clinical data of each child were recorded in a pre-designed proforma of both groups. Results: A total of 200 cases and 200 controls were enrolled. The various risk factors associated with ARI on stepwise logistic regression were male gender, rural residency, overcrowding, history of ARI in any family member within two weeks and undernutrition. The statistically insignificant risk factors were infancy, economic status, illiterate parents, cooking fuel other than LPG, low birth weight, prematurity, lack of exclusive breast feeding, vitamin A deficiency and incomplete immunization. Conclusion: The various risk factors for ARI identified in this study were male gender, rural residency, overcrowding, history of ARI in any family member within two weeks and undernutrition.Publication Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(Kathmandu University, 2022) Subedi, P; Limbu, N; Maskey, R; Baral, DDABSTRACT Background Type 2 diabetes constitutes about 85-95% of all diabetes in developed countries, and accounts for an even higher percentage in developing countries. Diabetic retinopathy is probable the most characteristic, easily identifiable and treatable complication of diabetes, but remains an important cause of visual loss. Objective To study P100 latencies and inter ocular latency difference in diabetic group and compared it with a control group and study the correlation between P100 and inter ocular latency difference with the duration of disease in diabetic group. Method A comparative, cross sectional study was done from September 2016 to January 2018 in Neurophysiology Lab, Basic and Clinical Physiology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. The sample size was 64 and random sampling technique was used. Subjects were divided into three groups according to the duration of disease. Anthropometric and visual evoked potentials were recorded. Descriptive analysis, analysis of covariance and Post Hoc multiple comparison analyses were done using SPSS 11.5. Pearson’s correlation was applied between P100 latency and inter ocular latency difference with the duration of disease. Result On using analysis of covariance, P100 latencies were significantly prolonged in diabetic as compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). Post Hoc multiple comparison showed significant differences in both left and right P100 latencies within diabetic groups and between diabetic groups and healthy controls. Left inter ocular latency difference showed positive correlation with the duration of disease. Conclusion P100 latencies are significantly prolonged in diabetes patients and is positively correlated with duration of disease. Visual evoked potential test can be useful for detecting retinal dysfunction before the appearance of symptoms of retinopathy. KEY WORDS P100 latencies, Type 2 diabetes, Visual evoked potentials