Browsing by Author "Baral, Radha"
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Publication Knowledge of Oral Cancer among Online Respondent General Dentists: A Cross-sectional Survey Authors(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Ojha, Bidhata; Bajracharya, Dipshikha; Baral, RadhaAbstract: Introduction: Oral cancer is a worldwide medical issue with expanding paces of occurrence and rising mortality rates. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in Nepal with a prevalence of 4.6%. Examination of the oral cavity includes evaluating all teeth, supporting tissue, and surrounding oral tissue and recording the condition of these structures. The present study was conducted to find out the knowledge of oral cancer among general dental practitioners responding to a general survey. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among general dental practitioners from March 2020 to July 2020 in 234 sample sizes. Convenience sampling technique was used. Data collection was done after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review committee (Ref no. 10/020). Data collection was done using a self-administered questionnaire through Google forms. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package of the Social Sciences version 20 software. Results: Our study showed that most of the participants i.e. 131 (56.2%) have moderately adequate knowledge about oral cancer. One-hundred and eighty four (78.6%) and 178 (76.1%) identified smokeless tobacco and smoking tobacco as high-risk factors for oral cancer. Two-hundred (85.5%) participants recognised buccal/labial mucosa as a common site for oral cancer. And, 138 (59.2%) have knowledge about early detection of oral cancer. Conclusions: Our study highlights that general dentists have moderate knowledge regarding oral cancer and. Study also states that more practical knowledge and training should be included in undergraduate programs.Publication Mean Mesiodistal Width of Canine in Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Baral, Radha; Dahal, Samarika; Gupta, Sanjay PrasadAbstract Introduction: The measurement of the teeth is one of the most reliable methods of identification. The teeth represent the most durable, resilient, and chemically stable part of the skeleton. The comparison of tooth dimensions is one of the tools of sex determination. Canines, in particular, are found to have the greatest degree of sexual dimorphism. The aim of the study was to determine the mean mesiodistal width of canines in patients visiting a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among patients visiting a tertiary care centre from 25 August 2021 to 28 December 2021. The ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee [Reference number: 61 (6-11)E2 078/079]. The maximum mesiodistal width of the permanent maxillary canine was measured by a digital vernier caliper. The formula given by Garn and Len was used to calculate sexual dimorphism. Convenience sampling was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 104 maxillary casts studied, the mean mesiodistal width of the maxillary canine was 7.85±0.45 mm (7.76-7.93, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean mesiodistal width of the right maxillary canine in males and females were 7.90±0.48 mm and 7.83±0.45 mm respectively and that of the left maxillary canines in males and females were 7.92±0.44 mm and 7.75±0.45 mm respectively. The sexual dimorphism in the right and left maxillary canine was seen in 10 (0.96%) and 22 (2.12%) respectively. Conclusions: The mean mesiodistal width of the maxillary canine was similar to other studies done in similar settings.Publication Palatal Rugae as an Indicator of Sexual Dimorphism(Institute of Medicine, 2021) Dahal, Samarika; Baral, Radha; Gupta, Sanjay P; Dahal, Sirjana; Sharma, RinuABSTRACT Introduction: Palatoscopy or palate rugoscopy has been studied over the years to identify its unique characteristics to utilize for the human identification process. The unique anatomical location of the palatal rugae provides stability which along with the uniqueness of the palatal rugae pattern can contribute in human identification. Despite its simplicity and reliability, the palatal rugae is unexplored in the Nepalese population. The objective of the present study is to identify the rugae pattern and assess its sexual dimorphism. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in Tribhuvan University Dental Teaching Hospital (TUDTH). The characteristics of palatal rugae based upon number, length, shape, and unification were analyzed on 100 dental casts. The rugae patterns were marked with a black color graphite pencil under adequate illumination. The length of the rugae was measured with the help of a digital vernier caliper and brass wire. The independent sample T-test and Mann Whitney U tests were used to assess the sexual dimorphism. Results: The predominant type of rugae according to the size in both males and females was primary rugae. According to the shape of the rugae, the predominant type of rugae was wavy followed by curved, straight, diverging, converging, and circular in both the sexes. However, no significant difference was seen in the rugae pattern in males and females. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, the use of palatal rugae for sex determination is not recommended. Keywords: Human identification, palatal rugae, sexual dimorphismPublication Prevalence of Variants of Mandibular Second Premolar in Medical Students: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Institute of Medicine, 2025) Mehta, Prem Kumar; Shrestha, Kabir; Nepal, Prashuv; Singh, Archana Kumari; Dahal, Samarika; Khapung, Anju; Baral, RadhaABSTRACT Introduction: The mandibular premolars have shown diversity in cusp morphology, although they are included under the bicuspid. This has been useful in anthropology and forensic odontology as supporting evidence. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different types of mandibular second premolars among medical students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 medical students after obtaining ethical approval. The number of cusps and the groove pattern present on the mandibular second premolar were examined and recorded using a sterile mouth mirror and explorer. The data was entered in a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0. Results; The prevalence of the two-cusp variant 319 (62.5%) was more than the three-cusp variant 191 (37.5%). The most common groove type was H type 198 (38.8%), followed by Y type 191 (37.5%) and U type 121(23.7%). The present study showed that the Y-shaped groove pattern was more common in the right premolar 40% (102), and the H-shaped groove pattern was more common on the left side 42.4% (108). The study showed that two cusp-type premolars are more common on the right and left sides of both genders. This study also revealed that two cusp variants are more common than other variants in different ethnic groups examined on both sides. Conclusion: The most prevalent variant of the mandibular second premolar was the two-cusps type. H-shaped grooves were most common, followed by Y and U-shaped grooves. H-shaped grooves were more prevalent compared to other types in both males and females. Keywords: Anthropology; bicuspids; cross-sectional studies; prevalencePublication Type I Lip Patterns among Medical Students of a Medical College(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Shrestha, Kabir; Dahal, Samarika; Baral, Radha; Neupane, AbishikhaAbstract Introduction: Identity and identification have long been a source of interest and concern in forensic dentistry, whether in the context of a criminal investigation or the identification of a deceased person. Lip print has demonstrated a high level of potential as one of the best options, as well as its usage as supporting evidence. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of Type I lip patterns among medical students of a medical college. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among medical students of a medical college from 30 December 2021 to 30 February 2022 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. The lipstick was applied in a thin layer uniformly, and the impression was taken with the help of the cellophane tape. The specimens were analyzed and classified based on Tsuzuki and Tsuchihashi's classification. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 120 medical students, the prevalence of type I lip pattern was 48 (40%) (31.23-48.77, 95% Confidence Interval). Among them, 26 (54.17%) were males and 22 (45.83%) were females. Conclusions: The prevalence of Type I lip pattern among medical students was higher than in other studies done in similar settings.