Browsing by Author "Basnet, Bhupendra Kumar"
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Publication Colorectal Polyps in Young Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy(Nepal Health Research Council, 2024) Bhusal, Yuvaraj; Basnet, Bhupendra Kumar; Shrestha, Ramila; Poudel, Mukesh Sharma; Khanal, Ajit; Poudyal, Nandu Silwal; Shah, Manoj Kumar; Khadka, Dibas; Bhusal, SurendraBackground: More than 10 % of colorectal carcinoma occur in patients less than 50 years. Progression of a colorectal polyp to carcinoma may take 5 to 20 years. Implementing screening guidelines and removing such polyps would reduce the progression into carcinoma. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence, distribution and histological analysis of polyps in patients under 50 years undergoing colonoscopy. Methods: Single-center cross-sectional study of 254 consecutive patients less than 50 years who underwent colonoscopy were included in the study. Patients with prior diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease, colonic polyp(s) or colorectal carcinoma were excluded. Basic demographic data (age, gender), history of smoking and alcohol consumption were recorded. Prevalence of polyps, their location, size and histological type were estimated. Categorical data were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Results: Among 254 patients who underwent colonoscopy, 63 had colorectal polyps. 39 (61.9 %) patients with polyp were males and 33 (52.38 %) patients were of 40-49 years age. Recto-sigmoid polyps were seen in 47 (74.6 %) patients. Regular heavy alcohol consumers and active smokers had higher odds of having polyps. Adenomatous polyps and adenocarcinoma were detected in 12 and 10 patients respectively. Ulcerated or excavated appearance strongly suggested carcinomatous histology (OR: 363.8, (CI: 16.04 – 8250.90). Similarly, polyp size 5 mm or more favored adenomatous polyp or carcinoma [(OR: 177.35, CI: 9.7 – 3229)]. Conclusions: Prevalence of polyps in patients below 50 years age was 24.8 %. Most of the polyps were benign, diminutive (< 5 mm) and located in recto-sigmoid colon. One-third of the polyps were adenoma or adenocarcinoma. Keywords: Colonoscopy; colorectal polyp; screeningPublication Metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Two Tertiary Care Centres in a District of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Shrestha, Pushpa Man; Kattel, Hari Prasad; Sharma, Sangita; Bista, Pratibha; Basnet, Bhupendra Kumar; Ghimire, Prakash; Rijal, Komal RajAbstract Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates producing metallo-β-lactamase have caused nosocomial outbreaks, severe infections, and ineffective carbapenem therapy worldwide since 1991. Due to their prevalence, hospital infection control techniques are difficult. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase among P. aeruginosa isolates from two tertiary care hospitals in Kathmandu. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology and Department of Pathology of two tertiary care centres in Kathmandu from 7 December 2021 to 6 April 2023, after receiving ethical approval from the Ethical Review Board. Isolated strains were identified and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by modified Kirby-Bauer Methods. Metallo-β-lactamase presence was confirmed using an imipenem-imipenem/ ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disc. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 255, Pseudomanas aeruginosa isolates, the distribution of metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomanas aeruginosa was 103 (40.39%) (34.32-46.69 at 95% Confidence Interval). Multidrug resistance categories included multidrug resistance 74 (71.80%), extensively drug resistance 32 (31.10%), P. aeruginosa difficult-to-treat 16 (15.53%) and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa was determined to be 82 (79.60%). Conclusions: The study found a high prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomanas aeruginosa isolates, requiring early identification, infection control measures, and an all-inclusive antimicrobial therapy protocol to reduce their spread in medical settings.