Browsing by Author "Bhandari, A"
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Publication Hypochlorite Accident in a Pediatric Patient(Kathmandu University, 2024) Bhandari, A; Shrestha, R; Upadhyay, S; Upadhyaya, C; Shrestha, NABSTRACT Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), the most used irrigation solution is a reducing agent that is a clear, yellowish solution. Since hypochlorite is one of the most commonly used solutions in dental procedures, accidents are common. The report describes a case of sodium hypochlorite accidentally being injected into a 10-year-old girl instead of local anesthesia who was appointed for a pulpotomy procedure. The accident was followed by prompt management, which included a thorough lavage with a mixture of normal saline and local anesthetic injection. She was later kept under oral antibiotics and was followed routinely to find a well-healed region. KEY WORDS Accidental, Flushing, Hypochlorite, InjectionPublication Philtral Column and Nostril Shape Pattern in Nepalese Population: Comparative Study between Two Ethnic Groups of Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2024) Chaurasia, NK; Upadhyaya, C; Mahantha, S; Upadhyaya, S; Shakya, M; Upreti, S; Bhandari, A; Baral, IABSTRACT Background Knowledge of the normal appearance of lip-nose complexes in a particular ethnicity or race helps to plan and modify surgical techniques for their deformity. Objective To determine the shape of the philtral column and nostril in children of two ethnic groups (Aryans and Mongoloids) of the Nepalese population and compare them to see if any variation exists. Method The present prospective study was carried out between December 2021 to January 2023 among 200 children of age 5-12 years. The children meeting our inclusion criteria were divided equally into Aryan and mongoloid groups based on the caste system in Nepal. Facial photographs were obtained in frontal and basal views. They were analyzed to determine the shape of the philtral column and nostril shape based on Mori’s classification system. Result Out of 200 children, 123 were males and 77 were females. The most common type of philtral and nostril shape in the Nepalese population was triangular and teardrop respectively. Triangular and concave type philtral shape was predominant in Aryans whereas triangular and parallel type was predominant in Mongoloids however the variation was not significant. Similarly, teardrop nostrils were most common in both ethnic groups. Conclusion The results provide a morphological pattern and variation in the philtral and nostril shape in the two major ethnic group of Nepalese population. KEY WORDS Aryans, Mongoloids, Nostril shape, Philtral shapePublication Role of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography in the Evaluation of Obstructive Jaundice(Kathmandu University, 2021) Karki, S; Phuyal, A; Paudel, RC; Bhandari, A; Dahal, MRABSTRACT Background Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography is a reliable and highly sensitive imaging modality in the diagnosis of Obstructive jaundice. Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography as compared to Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography. Method A prospective, analytical study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging at Dhulikhel Hospital between October 2018 and December 2020. Altogether 100 patients of all ages with obstructive jaundice undergoing Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography were included. The causes of obstructive jaundice as identified by Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography were compared to that of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography considering Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography as gold standard for the diagnosis. Result Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography revealed choledocholithiasis in 60 (60%) patients, benign stricture – 14(14%), malignant stricture-11(11%), peri- ampullary carcinoma in 8(8%) and normal study in 4(4%) patients. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography showed choledocholithiasis in 59(59%) patients, strictures (benign in 13%, malignant in 10%), ascariasis in 3(3%) and normal findings in 5(5%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography in detecting choledocholithiasis were 96.6%, 92.3%, 95%, and 95%. The same values for benign strictures were 92.3%, 97.7%, 85.7% and 98.9%, whereas those for malignant strictures were 90.9%, 98.8%, 90.9% and 98.8%. All values were 100% for peri-ampullary carcinoma and ascariasis. Hence, Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography showed good accuracy for detecting causes of obstructive jaundice (p < 0.05) as compared to Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography. Conclusion Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography is an accurate, non-invasive technique in evaluation of obstructive jaundice and offers similar diagnostic value compared to Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography. KEY WORDS Endoscopic retrograde, Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, Obstructive jaundicePublication Stigma Related to Tuberculosis Among Patients Attending DOTS Clinics of Dharan Municipality(Kathmandu University, 2012) Aryal, S; Badhu, A; Pandey, S; Bhandari, A; Khatiwoda, P; Khatiwada, P; Giri, AABSTRACT Background The patients suffering from tuberculosis are receiving shame and unfair treatment from the people living around them within their own society attending DOTS clinic of Dharan municipality. Objective To assess the stigma experienced by tuberculosis patients and to find out the association between stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patient and the selected variables (socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profile and illness experience). Methods Descriptive Cross Sectional study was done among sixty tuberculosis patients. Stratified random sampling was used to select the main center and sub center of Tuberculosis treatment and population proportionate simple random sampling using lottery method was done. Data was collected using predesigned, pretested performa from Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue developed by World Health Organization. Results The study revealed that 63.3% of the subjects were stigmatized. There was association between stigma and variables such as occupation, monthly family income and past history of Tuberculosis. There was also association of stigma with treatment phase, category of the patient and past outcome of illness. Conclusion Due to lack of knowledge and awareness about Tuberculosis, many patients were stigmatized. Efforts should be made to educate the public about Tuberculosis to reduce stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patients and improve the compliance of the patient. KEY WORDS direct observed treatment therapy, stigma, tuberculosis