Browsing by Author "Bhandari, D"
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Publication Cryptosporidium infection among the school children of Kathmandu Valley(Institute of Medicine, 2015) Bhandari, D; Tandukar, S; Sherchand, S; Thapa, P; Shah, PKAbstract Introduction: Cryptosporidium, a coccidian protozoan genus has emerged as an important cause of parasitic diarrhea among children living in developing countries. The present study aimed to determine the infection of Cryptosporidium and other intestinal parasites among the school children of Kathmandu Valley. Methods: Ethical approval for this research was obtained from Institutional review board, Institute of Medicine. A total of five hundred and seven stool samples from children between the age group 3-14 years, studying in 13 different schools of Kathmandu were collected during the study period (May- November, 2014) and processed in the Public Health Research Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal. A modified Acid Fast staining technique (Kinyoun’s method) was used to detect oocysts of Cryptosporidium from the formal-ether concentrated stool samples. Result: The overall, prevalence of intestinal parasites among children was found to be 22.68% (115/507) with Giardia lamblia being the most predominant parasite showing the incidence of 10.45% (53/507). Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 0.79% (4/507) of the students investigated with the highest occurrence during the month of July i.e., 2 followed by single positive case for each, June and September. Conclusion: The detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts and observance of diarrheal symptoms, together with the pattern of age-specific occurrence, livestock presence at home, consumption of untreated drinking water and raw vegetables/fruits consumption habit among infected children suggest that in low-income Kathmandu communities, cryptosporidiosis coupled with poor sanitary practice is a public-health issue causing potentially serious consequences. Keywords: Cryptosporidium, School Children, prevalence, KathmanduPublication Identification of Taenia from child of 6 year old(Institute of Medicine, 2015) Sah, R; Khadka, S; Sherchand, JB; Tandukar, S; Bhandari, D; Shrestha, L; Rijal, B; Pokharel, BMNA.Publication Paragonimiasis: First autochthonous case report from Nepal(Institute of Medicine, 2016) Sah, R; Khadka, S; Sherchand, JB; Parajuli, K; Shah, NP; Mishra, SK; Sharma, S; Shrestha, L; Basnet, S; Tandukar, S; Bhandari, D; Yadav, SR; Kattel, HP; Pokhrel, BM; Rijal, BNA.Publication Pattern of hepatitis B and C infections among patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal(Institute of Medicine, 2016) Pokharel, N; Bhandari, D; Jha, BAbstract Introduction: Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E virus infections are major global health problems. These viral infections affect a million of people worldwide, causing acute and chronic diseases. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections lead to chronic diseases and are the most common causes of liver cirrhosis and cancer. Methods: A cross sectional observation study was conducted from March 2013 to August 2013 among clinically suspected out patients and the patients undergoing surgery at Om Hospital and Research Centre with the aim to assess the burden of Hepatitis B and C viral infections. A total of 307 patient sera were tested serologically using Enhanced Chemiluminescence Immunoassay automated system (Vitros ECI) to detect HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies. Results: Out of 307 serum samples, the overall seropositivity rate for HBs-Ag and anti-HCV antibodies were 2.1% and 0.33% respectively. Positivity rate for both types of infection was found to be higher among male patients, although the P value > 0.05 indicated that there is no significant relationship. Furthermore, the positivity rate of Hepatitis B infection was higher among the patients of age group 46- 55 years, and that for Hepatitis C was higher among the age group 36-45 years, with P>0.05 suggesting no significant relationship between the age group and infection. Conclusion: The study demonstrated Hepatitis B and C viruses to be endemic necessitating implementation of the preventive measures and screening of population at risk to identify the burden of the disease in the society Keywords: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Infection, Nepal