Browsing by Author "Chand, RB"
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Publication Evaluation of Hounsfield Unit in adult brain structures by CT(Institute of Medicine, 2016) Mishra, D; Ghimire, RK; Chand, RB; Thapa, N; Panta, OBAbstract Introduction: The purpose of study was to evaluate the Hounsfield unit (HU) values in adult brain structures by computed tomography (CT). Hounsfield units (HU) describe relative densities of structures by CT. Different pathological process causes the change in attenuation by different tissues resulting in change of HU of the tissues so we should know the normal HU values to track the changes. These HU values are correlated with different clinical condition and different slice thickness. Methods: A prospective study was done in 72 patients of age above 18 years. All CT scans were performed using 16 row multi-detector CT (Neusoft New Viz16). Two sets of images were reconstructed first one with 5 X 5 mm and second one with 3 X 3 mm slice thickness. For quantitative analysis, HU measurements were obtained by drawing elliptical/ circular region-of-interests (ROI) on various anatomical structures on both 5mm and 3mm slice images. Statistical analysis was done with t test,one way ANOVA and descriptive analysis. Results: HU values for different anatomical area were: thalamus 34.50±1.92, caudate nucleus 36.64±2.01, internal capsule 31.40±2.16, pons 32.70± 2.39, dentate nucleus 30.70±2.22, cerebellar peduncle 30.90±2.37, hemisphere 39.62±2.38, vermis36.77±2.39, lateral ventricle 9.86±2.60, putamen 36.66±1.65, globus pallidus, 36.68±1.87, juxta 28.28±2.42, periventricular 29.18±2.78, deep 27.13±2.06, cortex 34.26±2.25, subcortical 27.36±2.49, corpus callosum 28.71±1.98. There was significant difference in HU values of genu of internal capsule, caudate nucleus, periventricular white matter, dentate nucleus, cerebellar peduncle & hemisphere for the 5mm and 3mm slice thickness. Conclusion: HU of gray and white matter of brain were 34.54 ± 2.54 and 28.25 ±2.00 respectively Keywords: Attenuation, Brain, Computed Tomography, Hounsfield Unit, Slice thicknessPublication The Incidence of Adverse Reaction to Contrast Media in Computed Tomography Scan(Institute of Medicine, 2013) Chand, RB; Maharjan, S; Pant, DK; Paudel, SAbstract Introduction: Iodinated contrast media is the most commonly used drug in diagnostic radiology. In the United States alone, more than 50 million Computed Tomography (CT) studies are performed annually and about 50% of CT studies use intravenous iodinated contrast media. The adverse reactions to intravenous iodinated contrast media range from a mild inconvenience, such as itching associated with hives to a life-threatening emergency. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of adverse reactions to intravenous non- ionic iodinated contrast media in contrast enhanced CT examinations. Methods: This quantitative, exploratory-descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Department of Radiology and Imaging of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. All the patients undergoing contrast enhanced computed tomographic examinations from 29th Jestha, 2068 to 30th Asar, 2068 (12th June 2011 and 14th July 2011) were documented for the incidence of adverse reactions. Contrast reactions were categorized as mild, moderate, or severe according to American College of Radiology Guidelines. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS soft ware. Results: A total 423 cases were undergone CT scan using non-ionic low-osmolar contrast media. Out of 423 cases, 17(4.01%) adverse reactions were type I (mild). Not a single case of type II (moderate) reaction and type III (severe) reaction was observed. Type I reactions were mainly characterized by nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness and rashes. Intensity of all events was light, with signs and symptoms receding spontaneously. Conclusion: Adverse reactions to intravenous administration of a non-ionic contrast media are fewer and mostly mild reactions. Thus the use of non-ionic low-osmolar contrast media is an appropriate strategy for minimizing adverse reactions. Keywords: contrast media, adverse reactions, intravenous, CT-scan