Browsing by Author "Chapagain, RH"
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Publication Disease Profile and Hospital Outcome of Newborn Admitted to Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit at Tertiary Care Center in Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2017) Chapagain, RH; Basaula, YN; Kayatha, M; Adhikari, K; Shrestha, SMABSTRACT Background Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) is decreasing in Nepal but at a slower pace than infant and child mortality. In order to improve neonatal outcome, Care of sick children can be done better so as to aid in reducing neonatal mortality rate. Objective The objective was to identify pattern of diseases and outcome admitted to Neonatal Intermediate care Unit (NIMCU). Method A retrospective study was conducted at Neonatal Intermediate care Unit of Kanti Children’s hospital from Bhadra 2071 to Shravan 2073 (August 2014 to July 2016). Result Total 1286 neonates were admitted in Neonatal Intermediate care Unit with the highest admission in the months of Bhadra (August-September) 12.52% and the lowest in Push (December-January) 4.82%. Among the admitted cases, 1,028 (80.0%) were full term while 256 (20.0%) were preterm. Among the total admission, 43.6% were less than 7 days old which is the most vulnerable period during the newborn phase. Admission due to neonatal sepsis was 892 (69.36%). Among them, 628 (70.40%) were late onset neonatal sepsis while 264 (29.60%) were early onset. Neonatal jaundice accounted for 12.36% (159) of the cases while Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy accounted for 4.80% (62) of cases. Congenital Heart Disease were 53 (4.12%) and neonatal pustulosis were 27 (2.20%). Meningitis accounted for 45 (3.49%) of cases and UTI 29 (2.22). Death during treatment were 18 (1.39%). 7% of cases deteriorated and referred to NICU while, 3.2 % of cases were referred to other centers and 5.1% of cases were either discharged on request or left against medical advice. Conclusion Neonatal sepsis including both early and late onset, Congenital Heart disease, birth asphyxia and neonatal Jaundice accounted for majority of admission in NICU. Three of four these etiologies are preventable up to some extent. KEY WORDS Morbidity, mortality neonate, sepsis, outcomePublication Occurrence of soil-transmitted helminths in women at the Himalayan region of Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2006) Kunwar, CB; Chapagain, RH; Subba, B; Shrestha, M; Jha, B; Subedi, J; Blangero, J; Williams-Blangero, S; Towne, BObjective: to find the occurrence pattern and prevalence of the soil transmitted helminths in women of child bearing age group. Methods and Materials: The study was conducted in Jiri , an area of Dolakha district at the altitude of 2100 meter from sea level. The faecal sample of 478 women of childbearing age (15 to 45 years) were taken randomly and examined for the ova of soil transmitted helianthus. Result: The occurrence pattern was 53.0%, 20.0% and 2.7% for Hookworms, Ascaries lumbricoids and Trichuris Trichuria respectively. Both Ascaries and Hookworm prevalence rates noticeably increased with increasing age, with the highest infection rate between the age of 36 - 45 years while trichuris infection reached the highest in women of 15-25 years of age. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of hookworm and ascaries in women of childbearing age and necessary intervention is needed according to WHO guidelines. Key words: soil-transmitted helminth, stool sample, women, himalayanPublication Retrospective study of HIV infection in Anti Retroviral Treatment center of Mahendranagar, Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2016) Chapagain, RH; Adhikari, K; Kamar, SB; Singh, DRABSTRACT Background Being the most backward region, The Far Western Development Region has high illiteracy rate, low socioeconomic status and high migration rate contributing the progression of epidemiological status of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) towards generalized form. Objective To study the demographic profile of the HIV positive patients, along with their CD4 status and tuberculosis during diagnosis. Method A retrospective descriptive study carried out from May 2006 to July 2012 in 271 HIV patients registered in HIV clinic of Mahakali Zonal Hospital, Mahendranagar. Result Among 271 patients enrolled, 48.30% (131) were male and 51.7% (140) were females. Thirty seven (13.7%) were less than 15 years and 76.3% (207) were of age 16-45 years. 38.7% were household workers by occupation and 34.50% were involved in agriculture and 3.70%were migrant labour. At the time of presentation, 22.4% (60) were stage I according to WHO staging and 18.5% (50), 58.5 (158) and 0.7% (2) were of stage II, III and IV respectively. Similarly, 33.0% (89) had more than 350 CD4 count at the time of presentation. 20.8% (56) of patients were infected with tuberculosis. Among 236 families, 2 or more members were found to be affected in 24 families. In most of the cases, female were diagnosed first followed by male in the families, where both the couple were infected. Conclusion Most of the HIV infected patients were of productive age group. Majority of patients were uneducated and Tuberculosis was found to be common opportunistic infections associated with HIV infection. KEY WORDS HIV infection, opportunistic infection, sexual activity