Browsing by Author "Chaudhary, Raina"
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Publication Acute Conjunctivitis among Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Centre(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Shrestha, Ram; Rijal, Roshija Khanal; Kausar, Neyaz; Shrestha, Oshan; Rajkarnikar, Sagar; Chaudhary, Raina; Shrestha, Kabindra Lal; Khadka, SitaramAbstract Introduction: Conjunctivitis is a highly prevalent ocular disease that flares up every year. The humidity and high temperature favour the causative agents responsible for the epidemic. Acute infective conjunctivitis may be either viral or bacterial, a distinct type of condition with unique clinical features and treatment approaches. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of acute conjunctivitis among patients visiting the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients visiting the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology. Data of 30 August 2023 to 30 September 2023 was collected between 21 November 2023 to 24 November 2023. All patients presenting in the Ophthalmology Department having complete hospital record were included in the study. Patients having missing data on the medical records of the hospital were excluded. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 5,507 patients, acute conjunctivitis was seen in 1240 (22.52%) (21.42-23.62, 95% Confidence Interval). The majority were male 732 (59.03%) and adults 760 (61.29%) with a mean age of 32.56±18.74 years. Conclusions: The prevalence of conjunctivitis among patients visiting the outpatient Department of Opthalmology was found to be higher than other studies done in similar settings.Publication Infective Vaginal Discharge among Women of the Reproductive Age in the Outpatient Department of a Primary Care Centre(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Khadka, Shailaja; Khatri, Ratna; Chaudhary, RainaAbstract Introduction: Infective vaginal discharge is the most common complaint of the women of reproductive age group attending gynaecology outpatient department. Vaginal discharge may be normal or abnormal. Infective vaginal discharge is usually related to one of the three conditions, like bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of infective vaginal discharge among women of the reproductive age in the outpatient department of a primary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among women of the reproductive age group visiting the outpatient Department of the primary care hospital from 1 March 2022 to 1 August 2022 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 138 patients, infective vaginal discharge was found in 42 (30.43%) (21.32-39.54, 95% Confidence Interval). Bacterial vaginosis was seen in 22 (52.38%), Candida was seen in 13 (30.95%), and Trichomonas was seen in 7 (16.66%) cases. Conclusions: The prevalence of infective vaginal discharge was lower as compared to other studies done in similar settings.Publication Multidrug Resistance Gram-negative Bacteria in Intensive Care Unit of Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Chaudhary, Raina; Bhatta, Sabita; Pant, Chiranjibi; Phuyal, Naveen; Shrestha, LochanaAbstract Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is global health problem, amongst major causes for mortality. It is one of the hinderance for achievement of Sustainable Goal 3 (Good health and well-being) of WHO. Multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria are major threat to humanity especially patients admitted in intensive care unit. This is associated with to treatment failure and mortality of the patients in intensive care unit. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the prevalence of Multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria in intensive care unit of tertiary care center. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital from February, 2020 till August, 2021 for 18 months after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference Number: 246). All the samples from Intensive Care Unit were processed following standard methodology. Only Gram-negative bacteria isolated from samples were included in the study. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimated was calculated at 95% Confidence Interval. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel 2016 and analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics version 16.0. Results: Out of 500 samples only 380 showed growth of gram negative bacteria. The prevalence Multi Drug Resistance was 83.15%. The prevalence of multidrug resistant was notably higher among Acinetobacter spp (100%) followed by Non fermenter (95%) and Escherichia coli (87.1%). Multidrug resistant isolates were least resistant towards carbapenem group of antibiotics. Conclusions: The prevalence of Multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria was found to be lower than in the study conducted in similar setting.Publication Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli among Urinary Samples of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in the Microbiology Department of a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Chaudhary, Raina; Pradhan, Manoj; Bhatta, Sabita; Shrestha, Sabnum; Adhikari, Nabaraj; Singh, Yengkokpam IbotombaAbstract Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection one of the most common and manageable infections still holds its position as a major public health issue worldwide due to an increase in the number of multidrug resistant bacteria. This study aims to find out the prevalence of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli among urinary samples of patients with urinary tract infections in the microbiology Department of a tertiary care center. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care centre from 8 August 2018 to 9 January 2019. Ethical approval was received from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 123/2018). Clinically suspected cases of urinary tract infection were included in this study. A convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 594 patients with urinary tract infections, the prevalence of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli was 102 (17.17%) (14.14-20.20, 95% Confidence Interval). Out of which, the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and AmpC beta-lactamase were observed in 74 (72.54%), and 28 (27.45%) isolates respectively. The co-production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases/AmpC was observed in 17 (16.67%). Conclusions: The prevalence of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli among patients urinary samples of patient with urinary tract infection was lower as compared to the other studies done in similar settings.Publication Multidrug-resistant among Non-Fermenting Gram-negative Bacteria Isolated in the Department of Microbiology of a Tertiary Care Centre(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Bhatta, Sabita; Pradhan, Manoj; Chaudhary, RainaAbstract Introduction: Infection caused by Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii leads to life-threatening conditions. These bacteria are often multidrug-resistant which leads to limited therapeutic options leading to treatment failure. Little information is available regarding the prevalence and resistance pattern of such bacteria in our country. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of multidrug-resistant among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria isolated in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care centre from 1 September 2021 to 30 August 2022 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. All samples received in the Microbiology laboratory for diagnostic purposes were included. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimated was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 412 non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, multidrug resistance was observed in 373 (90.53%) (87.70-93.36, 95% Confidence Interval) isolates. Among 373 isolates, Acinetobacter baumannii was 253 (67.83%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 120 (32.17%). Conclusions: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria was found to be higher than in the study conducted in similar settings.