Browsing by Author "Chaulagain, Rajib"
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Publication Assessment of tooth brushing habits among school going children aged 11-14 years in Janakpur(Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences (MIHS), 2025) Sharma, Resha; Yadav, Pradip Kumar; Kamat, Indu; Yadav, Jeet Kumar; Chaulagain, RajibABSTRACT: Background: Oral hygiene plays a fundamental role in maintaining overall general health of human and in this regards tooth brushing is one of the most influential methods for preventing dental caries and periodontal diseases. Brushing behaviors that children learn in their early years become strongly embedded in their minds for longer time. Objective: To assess toothbrushing habits among school going children aged 11-14 years in Janakpurdham. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done for assessment of tooth brushing habit among school going children aged 11-14 years in Janakpurdham. Study includes 139 students studying at Zenith Nathanial school, Janakpurdham. This was a questionnaire-based study including parameters like frequency of brushing, timing and duration of brushing, parental supervision in brushing, type of brush used, awareness regarding need of maintaining oral hygiene etc. Results: The study included 139 students; out of which 77.7 % were brushing once daily while only 22.3 % participants were brushing twice daily. Regarding duration of brushing; 38.8% brushed their teeth for more than 2 minutes, 38.3% brushed between 1-2 minutes, while 23.7%brushed their teeth for less than a minute; 85.6% participants rinsed their mouths after brushing teeth. Only 37.4% students received regular parental supervision during brushing; 39.6% occasionally, while 23% were never checked. Conclusions: Results obtained in this study point towards need of school based oral health education programs for installation of positive attitude and behavior in children of this age group with regards of maintaining good oral hygiene.Publication Children's perspective on color, smell and flavor of toothpaste(Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences (MIHS), 2025) Yadav, Pradip Kumar; Sharma, Resha; Pandey, Amrita; Gupta, Suraj; Chaulagain, RajibABSTRACT: Background: Tooth brushing must be done to prevent dental caries, but many children resist tooth brushing because of sensory aversions to toothpaste. As children's oral hygiene compliance relies heavily on enjoyment, it is important to know their preferences regarding toothpaste color, odor, and taste. Research indicates that attractive sensory traits can have a great impact on brushing frequency and duration in children. Objective: To assess children's perspective on sensory attributes of toothpaste namely: color, flavor and smell of toothpaste. Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study which included 140 students studying in Zenith National Academy, Janakpurdham. The questionnaire along with the consent form, ascent form and information sheet were sent to the parents along with the students to fill the form. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Data were analyzed for frequencies, percentage, mean and standard deviation and presented in form of table. Results: The main reasons for selecting a particular toothpaste were taste (44%) and cleaning effectiveness (61%), followed by brand loyalty and advertisements. When asked about the most important attribute of toothpaste, most children prioritized how well it cleans their teeth, though sensory factors like taste and color still influenced their satisfaction and motivation. Over half of the children believed that kids’ toothpaste should taste like candy and be different from adult toothpaste, reflecting a desire for enjoyable and distinct flavors. Conclusions: Children prefer red color, sweet taste and minty smell in their toothpaste. Primary motivation in brushing remains maintenance of "clean teeth” even in children.Publication Lip Print Pattern among Children Visiting Dental Out patient department(Nepal Health Research Council, 2023) Rai, Amita; Chaulagain, RajibAbstract Background: Lip print patterns are unique in every individual. The uniqueness of lip print pattern assists in the personal identification. The objectives of the present study were to study the different lip print patterns among the children visiting Kanti Children’s Hospital, and to compare the distribution of lip print patterns based on gender and race. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 children visiting the Dental Outpatient Department of Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Convenience sampling method was used to choose the study subjects. Digital photography method was used to record the image of lips. Results: The study showed ‘Long vertical’ (Type I) as the most frequent (41%) type of lip print pattern, whereas ‘Unspecified’ (Type V) was the least frequent (2.7%) type. Prevalence of ‘Type I’ pattern was significantly higher in males as compared to females (p=0.007) whereas prevalence of ‘Type IV’ pattern was significantly higher in females as compared to males (p=0.006). ‘Type I’ pattern was the commonest lip print pattern among both Caucasians and Mongolian, whereas ‘Type V’ (2%) and ‘Type IV’ (3.7%) were the least common lip print patterns in Caucasians and Mongolian children respectively. Conclusions: ‘Long vertical’ (Type I) was the most common lip print pattern among the children visiting the Dental Outpatient Department of Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Nevertheless, in higher or lesser numbers, all kinds of lip print patterns as described by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi were seen in the study population. Keywords: Children; gender; lip print patterns; race.Publication Microbial Spectrum of Complete Denture Wearer in Old Age People of Chitwan(Nepal Health Research Council, 2023) Chaulagain, Rajib; Thakur, Smriti Narayan; Khanal, Bibek; Sapkota, Srijana Mishra; Chaudhary, Navin KumarAbstract Background: Human oral cavity contains many microorganisms, the habitat of which may be changed by complete denture among edentulous people. The complete dentures favor aggregation of microorganism. The aim of this study was to identify the microorganisms present in the complete dentures of old age people of Chitwan and assess the sensitivity pattern of the microorganisms to the common antibiotics. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Chitwan Medical College, Chitwan, Nepal among 45 old age people who have been wearing dentures above one year. The duration of the study was from 18th Nov 2021 to 12th May 2022. Swab was taken from the polished and tissue surfaces of both maxillary and mandibular dentures in the Department of Prosthodontics while the laboratory-based experiments were conducted in the Department of Microbiology. Antibiotic sensitivity was also done. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0. Descriptive statistics were used. The data was presented in form of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results: Streptococcus spp. was predominant microorganism followed by Coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest sensitivity pattern was observed to Amikacin, Nalidixic acid and Ciprofloxacin while the most resistant antibiotics were Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and Cefixime. Escherichia coli was sensitive to all the tested antibiotics. Conclusions: In this study, Streptococcus spp. followed by Coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequently identified microorganisms from the dentures of old age people. Amikacin, Nalidixic acid and Ciprofloxacin were highly sensitive among the people of old age. Keywords: Antibiotic sensitivity; complete denture; microorganismsPublication Parents' perception of the dental and oral health in children in Janakpur(Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences (MIHS), 2025) Gupta, Suraj; Pandey, Amrita; Yadav, Jeet Kumar; Thapa, Anjeela; Subedi, Samagya; Kandel, Shikha; Sharma, Resha; Chaulagain, RajibABSTRACT: Background: Parents along with clinicians play a key role in achieving the best oral health outcomes in their young children. Early childhood and adolescents are heavily reliant on parents/caregivers for day-to-day rou- tine, which includes oral health practices such as brushing, flossing, and healthy dietary intake. Objective: To assess the parents’ perception regarding the dental and oral health of their school-going children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among parents of school going children regarding their per- ception of the dental and oral health of their children in Janakpur. The study tool was a questionnaire-based which contained basic information of participants and 25 questions related to the dental and oral health of their children. Data were analyzed for frequencies, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results: : Out of total 215 participants, 77.2% participants were aware that primary teeth were as important as the permanent teeth. 96.7% of the participants believed that the main causative agent of cavities in teeth was eating too much sugar. Among the major problems, 89.3% children had experienced cavities according to their parents. 96.3% parents believed that the schools should provide dental health education. Conclusions: Increasing parents’ knowledge about children’s oral health, raising awareness of the impor- tance of regular dental check-ups, and fostering positive attitudes toward their children’s oral health un- derscore the need for more effective educational programs. Strengthening community-based interven- tions is crucial for enabling parents to adopt more informed behaviors regarding their children’s oral health.Publication Prevalence of dental caries on permanent first molars among children of age group 6-14 years at Janakpurdham(Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences (MIHS), 2025) Pandey, Amrita; Yadav, Jeet Kumar; Gupta, Suraj; Yadav, Pradip Kumar; Chaulagain, RajibABSTRACT: Background: Dental caries is the most common chronic infectious disease of oral cavity. It specifically affects the permanent first molars because they erupt early and have a complicated occlusal anatomy. Understanding the prevalence of caries is essential for developing preventive strategies, especially in socioeconomically underprivileged groups. Objective: To assess the prevalence of dental caries in permanent first molars among children aged 6 to 14 years in Janakpurdham, Madhesh Province, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among school children of age 6-14 years of Zenith National Academy, Sitachowk-1, Janakpurdham, Nepal. Oral examination was carried out using WHO diagnostic criteria for dental caries. Data were collected. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 for Windows (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Frequency distribution analysis was performed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the results. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries in permanent first molars was found to be Among 290 participants,136 (46.9%) were males remaining being female 154(53.1%).(Mean ± SD:11.65 ±3.72) The prevalence of dental caries of left mandibular first permanent molar was high 24(8.3%) among the studied teeth. The prevalence of dental caries was high in mandibular arch. Conclusions: A high prevalence of dental caries in permanent first molars was higher in mandibular arch than maxillary arch observed among children in Janakpurdham, highlighting an urgent need for targeted oral health education, regular dental screenings, and preventive interventions at the school and community level.