Browsing by Author "Dahal, DP"
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Publication Exploring the Challenges and Opportunities of Implementing artificial intelligence in healthcare settings in Nepal: A literature review(Kathmandu University, 2023) Dahal, DP; Sharma, PABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown effectiveness in various industries, particularly within healthcare sectors. In Nepal, there are limited insights on existing studies regarding technical, financial, human resources, ethical and privacy related challenges of AI in the health sector, and this is the gap our study aims to fulfill. Our study aimed to synthesize empirical studies on the challenges and opportunities of using AI by conducting a systematic literature review. We retained 33 articles published between 2010 and 2023 in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and CIHANIL databases. Most of the articles reviewed indicated that there are several challenges related to AI administration into healthcare in Nepal, however there are also an opportunity associated with this relating to cost-effectiveness of the services, increased access to specialized health services, teamwork and decision makings, diagnosis and patient monitoring, and telemedicine. However, findings show that use of AI in healthcare additionally faces several challenges including technical, geographical, economic, ethical and privacy, and human resource related challenges. Our findings recommend that AI has the potential to transform healthcare and while addressing these challenges is important to fully utilize its services especially in rural Nepal. KEY WORDS Artificial intelligence, Challenges and opportunities, Healthcare, Rural NepalPublication Exploring the Job Satisfaction among Workforce Working in Four Medical Colleges in Nepal: a cross-sectional study(Kathmandu University, 2025) Dahal, DP; Gupta, NABSTRACT Background Job satisfaction is a critical factor influencing healthcare quality, patient’s outcomes and overall wellbeing in medical profession. Job satisfaction is an important component of improving job performance and maintaining overall quality of work in any organization. The result of job satisfaction will have an impact not only at the individual level but also in the institutional, societal, and national level. Objective To explore overall job satisfaction among the workforce of four different medical colleges in Nepal, as well as the factors associated with it. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2024 among medical, nursing, and administrative staff who had at least one year of teaching or working experience in their respective institutions. A 36-items job satisfaction questionnaire with 6-point Likert type responses was administered in-person. Data analysis was carried out with STATA version 18 software. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages, whereas continuous variables were described using means, standard deviations, medians, and ranges. Inferential statistical analyses comprised independent t-tests for comparisons between two groups and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for comparisons among multiple groups. A multivariable linear regression model was used to identify the significant factors associated with health workforce job satisfaction. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05, with results reported at a 95% confidence interval. Result This study analyzed job satisfaction among 533 health workers in four medical colleges. The average overall job satisfaction score was 122.24 (±15.17). Multivariable linear regression identified several significant determinants of overall job satisfaction among health workers in Nepal’s teaching hospitals. Employees in Nursing (adjusted mean difference [AMD]: 5.35, 95% CI: 2.46 to 8.26) and Administration (AMD: 5.45, 95% CI: 2.20 to 8.71) departments reported higher OJS compared to those in the medical department. Contract staff had significantly lower job satisfaction (AMD: -4.23, 95% CI: -7.19 to -1.28), while differences for daily wage and other positions were not significant. Unexpectedly, employees without chronic diseases reported lower OJS (AMD: -2.66, 95% CI: -5.86 to -0.55). Higher organizational input factors were significantly associated with lower OJS (AMD: -0.37, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.19). Conclusion This study revealed that health workforces had positive attitude towards their job however are dissatisfied with the benefits offered to them and the operating condition of their institutions. Expanding the teaching learning resources, continuing career opportunities through participation in professional development and regular promotion and increment of salary would be helpful in improving job satisfaction among health workforce in Nepal. KEY WORDS Health workforce, Medical colleges, Organizational characteristics, Satisfaction