Browsing by Author "Dahal, P"
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Publication Acquired Constricting Band Syndrome(Kathmandu University, 2018) Maharjan, N; Jaiswal, S; Pokharel, PB; Dahal, PABSTRACT The superstitious beliefs of gaining a good fortune led to wearing rubber bands around the hand leading to the development of the constricting band syndrome. Acute compartment syndrome is a limb-threatening condition characterized by elevated interstitial pressure in a confined fascial compartment and if left untreated, it results in tissue necrosis, irreversible nerve and muscle injury and permanent functional impairment. We report a 46 years old male with history of wearing rubber hand on all his fingers, who presented late with gangrene and auto- amputation. KEY WORDS Acute compartment syndrome, Amputation, Awareness, Necrosis, Rubber band syndromePublication Diabetic Retinopathy Awareness among Diabetic Patients Attending COMS-TH(Kathmandu University, 2017) Dahal, P; Adhikari,HABSTRACT Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in Nepal. Objective The main objective of the study is to know the awareness of diabetic retinopathy among new cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) attending the college of medical science- teaching hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal. Method All the diabetic cases referred for ophthalmic consultation and also referred outpatient department cases from other departments to ophthalmic outpatient department was carried out. Detailed demographics of the subjects and their awareness of potential ocular problems from diabetes mellitus were noted. Result Total one hundred and thirty-one patients were enrolled during the study period from 15 November 2016 to 15 May 2017. Brahmin 39.69% and 19.08% Mongolian were the most predominant ethnical group. The predominant group of patients were housewives (41.22%) then followed by service (19.85%), business (13.74%), agriculture (12.21%), others (12.98%). Among 36.64% of the literate patients, 19.85% had passed school level, 9.92% had passed intermediate level, 88.55% were aware of Diabetic retinopathy. Among them majority 88.55% were referred by physician. Family history were present in 35.68% and fundus evaluation was done for the first time in almost half of diabetic cases (64.12%) and diabetic retinopathy was found in 32.06% of total cases in right eye and 30.53% of total cases in left eye. Conclusion Along with the awareness, routine dilated fundoscopy is mandatory for slight threating stage of retinopathy and to reduce the burden of blindness from diabetic retinopathy in Nepal. KEY WORDS Demographic, diabetic retinopathy, early treatment diabeticPublication Occupational health in small scale and household industries in Nepal: A situation analysis(Kathmandu University, 2008) Joshi, SK; Dahal, PAbstract Introduction: Making working conditions safe and healthy is the interest of workers, employers and the Government. Although it seems simple and obvious, this idea has not yet gained meaningful recognition in Nepal. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in ten small scale industries of Kathmandu valley. Altogether 545 questionnaires on socioeconomic and occupational history were filled up. Similarly, Workplace Occupational Health Assessment was done in all ten industries. A thorough medical examination of 135 child workers was done using a structured questionnaire to find out the health effects due to occupational hazards. Results: Out of the total 545 workers present in the industries under study, 135 (24.8%) were child workers. Higher proportion of child workers (97%) was illiterate compared to 3% of children with primary level education. Among the child workers, 23 (17%) were girls. The majority of the child labourers were suffering from conditions like otitis externa, otitis media, scabies, anaemia, upper respiratory diseases, nasal problems, abdominal pain etc. Conclusion: The occupational health and safety practices in small scale industries in Kathmandu have been found to be unsatisfactory. Child labour is a serious problem. Out of ten industries, six have employed child workers and the working conditions range from bad to terrible. Health and welfare of the child workers was also not satisfactory. Key words: Situation Analysis, Occupational Hazards, Occupational Health and Safety, Small Scale and Household Industries, Child Labour, Kathmandu, NepalPublication Prevalence of Fibularis Tertius: Insights from a Surface Anatomical Study(Kathmandu University, 2025) Shrestha, S; Mansur, DI; Shrestha, P; Maskey, S; Shrestha, M; Kunwar, A; Poudel, B; Dahal, P; Gautam, BABSTRACT Background The fibularis tertius muscle, a variant muscle in the crural compartment of the leg, is thought to have evolved in humans in response to the development of bipedalism. Acting as both an ankle dorsiflexor and foot everter, it plays a crucial role in enabling efficient terrestrial locomotion, especially in mid-foot biomechanical stabilization. The origin and insertion of this muscle have been reported to exhibit significant variation. Objective The aim is to determine the prevalence of this muscle by conducting a surface anatomical examination of the foot among pre-clinical sciences students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences. Method Each participant’s fibularis tertius muscle (FTM) was assessed on both feet using a standardized surface palpation technique based on protocols that Tixa and Kendall had validated. To ensure accuracy, each foot was subjected to two separate evaluations by qualified evaluators that lasted 120 seconds each. During dorsiflexion and eversion, muscles were identified using sequential palpation techniques. Visibility was categorized into three graded responses (G1–G3) according to muscle activation. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. While the Chi-square test evaluated sex-based associations, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05, descriptive statistics summarized prevalence. Result A total of 226 students (54.42% males, 45.58% females; mean age 20.8 ± 1.88 years) participated in the study. The fibularis tertius muscle had a prevalence of 95.58%, with a similar gender distribution. It was bilateral in 187 participants and unilateral in 29, mostly on the right foot. Multivariable logistic regression revealed no significant association between fibularis tertius presence and body mass index, with both crude and adjusted odds ratios (0.83 and 0.89, respectively) and p-values exceeding 0.05. Conclusion The fibularis tertius muscle is essential for ankle stability, reducing injury risk and aiding recovery during high-impact activities. Its absence increases instability and recurrent sprains. Understanding the anatomy of fibularis tertius muscle is crucial for surgical planning, tendon repair, and rehabilitation, influencing diagnosis, treatment, and injury prevention. KEY WORDS Anatomy, Bilateral traits, Fibularis tertius, Muscle anatomy, Prevalence, Unilateral traitsPublication The Prevalence of Gender Inequalities and Violence in the Eastern Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2019) Dahal, P; Joshi, SK; Swahnberg, KABSTRACT Background Gender inequality and gender based violence is more established in societies with stratification and stronger gender norms. Objective To determine prevalence of gender violence, perception on gender issues and awareness on sexual trafficking and rights among men and women in Morang district of Nepal. Method This cross sectional study was conducted among 810 men and 1190 women in twenty different VDCs of Morang district using self-administered computer based self-interview methods during October-November 2016. Result Male in comparison to female reported more physical abuse during their lifetime. Females (n=259, 21.7%) reported more severe lifetime emotional abuse (n=148, 18.2%) compared to the males. Lifetime severe sexual abuse was reported by a close to five percent (n=95) of both sexes. The severe forms of partner violence include choking, threat or use of weapon and setting on fire was identified to be perpetrated by both the sexes. More than 50% (n=1095) of the respondents had known someone using physical violence against their partner in the community. The involvement of female in key economic decision-making was reported by less than 12%. Nearly 72% (n=1441) were aware of occurrence of sexual trafficking from Nepal while only 46% (n=918) were aware of sexual trafficking occurring from their vicinity. Conclusion The study confirms that despite awareness on gender equality and sexual trafficking, the prevalence of violence and adherence to stronger gender stereotypes, stigmas and roles indicates much need of awareness for establishing equalities and reducing gender violence. KEY WORDS Gender inequalities, Trafficking, ViolencePublication Work-related Respiratory Symptoms and Associated Factors among Cement Factory Workers in Rupandehi District, Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2021) Paudel, L; Regmi, S; Dahal, P; Ghimire, M; Nepal, S; Manandhar, NABSTRACT Background Cement factory workers are exposed to cement dust at workplace. It leads to a greater prevalence of chronic respiratory signs and symptoms. Objective To identify the prevalence of Work-related respiratory symptoms, its association with various risk factors, and to assess the outcomes like hospitalization and sickness absenteeism. Method Cross-sectional study was conducted in the Argakhanchi Cement factory among 190 workers with minimum work experience of 1 year. Census method was used for data collection. To assess the respiratory symptoms, sputum samples were collected; smears prepared by pick and smear method, and later stained by Leishman and pap stain. Smears devoid of alveolar macrophages were considered unsatisfactory for evaluation. Result The mean age of respondents with standard deviation was 35.56±11.45 years. The prevalence of Work-related respiratory symptoms was 31.6%. Age, no. of years worked, working in the raw materials department, burner and clinker department, cleaning department and wearing mask were the significant risk factors. On cytological analysis of the sputum sample, mild inflammatory cell noticed in 71.6%, moderate inflammation in 23.7%, and dense inflammation in 4.2%. Fungal spores were seen in 3.7%, fungal pseudohyphae in 0.5%, and bacterial colonies in 27% of the sputum samples. Out of 190 participants, 8(4.2%) of them had to be hospitalized and 17(8.9%) were on sick leave due to respiratory symptoms. Conclusion Pre-employment and periodic medical examination, frequent work shift, training on occupational health and safety, use of appropriate personnel protective equipment is recommended to reduce respiratory symptoms. KEY WORDS Cement factory workers, Rupandehi district, Work-related respiratory symptoms