Browsing by Author "Dhungel, KU"
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Publication Opportunistic infection among HIV seropositive cases in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2008) Dhungel, BA; Dhungel, KU; Easow, JM; Singh, YAbstract Background: Human Immunode ciency Virus (HIV)/ Acquired Immunode ciency Syndrome (AIDS) claimed more than 22 million deaths in the past two decades. About 10,000-15,000 Nepalese are expected to die of AIDS related deaths every year in the absence of effective treatment and care. Major cause of mortality and morbidity in HIV infected people is opportunistic infection (OI). Type of pathogen(s) responsible for OI varies from region to region. Objective: This study attempts to nd out OI among HIV seropositive patients visiting MTH, Pokhara. Results: Tuberculosis (30%) was found to be most common OI followed by candidiasis (14%). Pulmonary tuberculosis (21.14%) was more common than extra pulmonary tuberculosis (8.92%). Oral candidiasis (8.92%) was more common than oesophageal candidiasis (5.35%). Conclusion: The study ndings indicate that immediate and strong action needs to be taken and guidelines and strategies to tackle the HIV AIDS problems are required and should be equally implemented to achieve a decline in the rate of prevalence of HIV. Key words: HIV, AIDS, Opportunistic infection, TuberculosisPublication Peak expiratory ow rate of Nepalese children and young adults(Kathmandu University, 2008) Dhungel, KU; Parthasarathy, D; Dipali, SAbstract Introduction: In diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases, the assessment of lung functions is of considerable importance. So, normal reference values for pulmonary function tests of any population need to be assessed. Objective: An attempt has been made in the present study to measure the peak expiratory ow rate (PEFR) in healthy Nepalese children and young adults. Material and methods: One hundred ninety six (196) students were selected by inclusion criteria from different schools and colleges in Pokhara Sub- Metropolitan City, Nepal. The anthropometric measurements and peak expiratory ow rate (PEFR) were measured by standard procedures. Result: The mean PEFR values of males and females are found to have 350.3 (±135.0) l.min-1 and 280.2 (±98.77) l. min-1 respectively. The PEFR values of Nepalese males of the present study are found to be higher as compared to their females’ counterparts. It is interestingly noted that at preadolescence time, PEFR is almost comparable in both sexes but after puberty males attained signi cantly higher values than females. The trend of PEFR values with development of the age is also been noted. It is interestingly pointed out that PEFR values of Nepalese males in the present study increases signi cantly with the advancement of age up to 20 years of age and then after PEFR do not change. On the other hand, females showed signi cant PEFR increment with the advancement of age up to 15 years of age only and then after PEFR do not improve signi cantly. Conclusion: PEFR was found to be in uenced signi cantly by height not by the weight. Finally, a prediction equation was established by which PEFR of Nepalese population of 5 to 25 years of age can be estimated from age or height. Keywords: Peak expiratory ow rate, Nepalese children, Growth & Development, sex difference and obesity