Browsing by Author "Gautam, Jyoti"
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Publication Morphology and Morphometry of Thyroid Gland in Cadavers: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study(Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, 2024) Phuyal, Navindra; Shrestha, Anusuya; Bhandari, Rosha; Adhikari, Bidur; Gautam, Jyoti; Dhungel, Deepesh; Gautam, Subina; Ranjit, NirjuAbstract: Introduction Variations in anatomy of thyroid gland include the occasional presence of a pyramidal lobe and a fibromuscular band called levator glandulae thyroideae. These variations affect the gland's morphometry and morphology. This study aimed to study morphometry and variation prevalence of thyroid gland. Methods This descriptive study examined adult cadavers from the Department of Forensic Medicine at Maharajgunj Medical Campus. Measurements of the length, breadth, and thickness of both lateral lobes and the isthmus were taken. The presence or absence of the isthmus, pyramidal lobe, and levator glandulae thyroideae was recorded, along with the origin and dimensions of the pyramidal lobe, if present. Results The mean dimensions of the right lobe were 43.88±6.88 mm (length), 23.93±4.76 mm (breadth), and 12.28±3.30 mm (thickness). For the left lobe, the measures were 40.47±7.26 mm, 21.95±4.22 mm, and 12.84±3.61 mm, respectively. The isthmus had mean dimensions of 18.12±5.52 mm, 16.65±5.51 mm, and 5.10±1.76 mm. The isthmus was absent in 7.2% of cases. The pyramidal lobe, present in 27.8% of cases, had mean dimensions of 19.17±8.26 mm, 11.64±3.47 mm, and 4.60±1.33 mm, typically originating from the center of the isthmus. The average weight of the thyroid gland was 16.19±5.22 g. Conclusion The thyroid gland's weight was higher in males and positively correlated with the individual's height. Also, thyroid gland's dimensions and weight were less than those described in standard texts. The relationship between body weight and thyroid gland weight warrants further investigation.Publication Variation of Arteries Forming Circle of Willis in Adult Human Cadavers(Institute of Medicine, 2020) Gautam, Jyoti; Adhikari, Bidur; Bhandari, Rosha; Shrestha, Anusuya; Ranji, NirjuABSTRACT Introduction: Circle of Willis is a large arterial anastomosis between internal carotid and vertebrobasilar arterial system. It is the principal collateral channel for constant blood flow to brain. Any changes in its morphology may cause vascular insufficiency of variable severity. Knowledge about its anomalies may elucidate occurrence of cerebrovascular disorders, its presentation, treatment, prognosis and prevention. Methods: An observational study on 107 fresh cadavers was conducted at Maharajgunj Medical Campus from September 2016 to August 2017. After dissection of the scalp and removal of the vault and dura mater, the brain was obtained. Then the Circle of Willis was identified and observed for its completeness, symmetry, presence, origin and number of arteries forming it and the obtained data were documented, photographed and analyzed. Results: Out of 107 cadavers, variations were noted among 15 (14%): out of which 10 were male and 5 female. Twelve cadavers had single variation while 3 had two variations. Accessory anterior cerebral artery was found in 7 (38.90%), fetal origin of right posterior communicating artery in 2 (11.10%), fetal origin of left posterior communicating artery in 4 (22.20%), early bifurcation of left posterior cerebral artery in 1 (5.60%), variant anterior communicating artery in 2 (11.10%), fused anterior cerebral artery in 1 (5.60%) and aneurysm in 1(5.60%) subjects were found. Conclusion: Variations were noted among 15 cadavers (14%), 12 cadavers had single variation while 3 had two variations. The most common variation seen was accessory anterior cerebral artery found in 7 cadavers (38.90%). Most of the variations were found in midline anteriorly followed by right side. Keywords: Aneurysm, cerebrovascular disorder, circle of Willis, stroke, variant