Browsing by Author "Ghimire, Sailaja"
Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Publication Compliance with the Legal Provision of Tobacco Products in Nepal Authors(Nepal Health Research Council, 2024) Dhimal, Meghnath; Khatri, Bishal Dahal; Basnet, Man Bahadur; Ghimire, Sailaja; Ghimire, Namita; Acharya, Astha; Rana, Nisha; Joshi, PramodBackground: The tobacco epidemic is one of the major threats to public health, causing nearly 8 million deaths annually worldwide. In Nepal, every year, several Nepalese people die from tobacco-related diseases illnesses. Despite the implementation of several policies and strategies, tobacco use remains prevalent. This study, thus, aims to assess compliance with the legal provisions regulating tobacco products in Kathmandu Valley. Methods: A multimethod study design was adopted to explore compliance with the legal provision of tobacco products in the Kathmandu Valley. Three hundred and five public places within the Kathmandu Valley were observed using the observation checklist, and fourteen key informant interviews were conducted. The ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Board of the Nepal Health Research Council. Results: Our findings show that the average adherence to the Tobacco Product Control Act in the Kathmandu Valley was merely 33.1%. Public transportation exhibited highest compliance 53.2%, whereas eateries demonstrated the lowest compliance at 15.9%. Health organizations demonstrated the highest adherence to prohibiting indoor smoking (94.7%), although the presence of “No Smoking” signage was inadequate, varying from 1.9% to 22.7% across various locations. Conclusions: In conclusion, compliance with the legal provision of tobacco products was observed owing to limited knowledge of stakeholders, inadequate multi-sectoral coordination, and lack of monitoring mechanisms in public areas. Whereas awareness initiatives through diverse communication channels are found effective in improving compliance. Keywords: Compliance; legal provision; Nepal; public places; tobacco products.Publication Factors Associated with Intimate Partner Violence among Married Women(Nepal Health Research Council, 2022) Ghimire, Sailaja; Ghimire, Sushmita; Sagtani, Reshu Agrawal; Upadhyay, Shambhu KumarAbstract Background: Intimate partner violence refers to any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological or sexual harm to those in the relationship. Various factors such as alcohol or substance abuse, history of violence in family, extra marital affair, educational status, socio-economic status, decision making power, and established gender role are linked with Intimate partner violence. This study aims to identify the prevalence of different forms of intimate partner violence and its associated factors among married women in Shankharapur municipality of Kathmandu District. Methods: A concurrent triangulation design was used. Quantitative data were collected from 602 married females while qualitative data was collected from 11 participants. Multivariate logistic regression was done using Stata MP13 version. Thematic analysis was done for qualitative data. Triangulation of both quantitative and qualitative findings waere done. Results: The prevalence of Intimate partner violence was found to be 22.1%. After logistic regression, it was found that women’s involvement in community groups had lower odds (AOR 0.67, 95%CI 0.6-0.7) of IPV as compared to those who were not involved in community groups. Additionally, findings from the qualitative study showed female being victims of different forms of violence. Conclusions: Still, Female are the sufferers of violence behind the closed doors and mitigation strategies should have to be adopted from different levels of government to control intimate partner violence. Keywords: Intimate partner violence; Kathmandu; mixed method; triangulation.Publication Factors Associated with Intimate Partner Violence among Married Women(Nepal Health Research Council, 2022) Ghimire, Sailaja; Ghimire, Sushmita; Sagtani, Reshu Agrawal; Upadhyay, Shambhu KumarAbstract Background: Intimate partner violence refers to any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological or sexual harm to those in the relationship. Various factors such as alcohol or substance abuse, history of violence in family, extra marital affair, educational status, socio-economic status, decision making power, and established gender role are linked with Intimate partner violence. This study aims to identify the prevalence of different forms of intimate partner violence and its associated factors among married women in Shankharapur municipality of Kathmandu District. Methods: A concurrent triangulation design was used. Quantitative data were collected from 602 married females while qualitative data was collected from 11 participants. Multivariate logistic regression was done using Stata MP13 version. Thematic analysis was done for qualitative data. Triangulation of both quantitative and qualitative findings waere done. Results: The prevalence of Intimate partner violence was found to be 22.1%. After logistic regression, it was found that women’s involvement in community groups had lower odds (AOR 0.67, 95%CI 0.6-0.7) of IPV as compared to those who were not involved in community groups. Additionally, findings from the qualitative study showed female being victims of different forms of violence. Conclusions: Still, Female are the sufferers of violence behind the closed doors and mitigation strategies should have to be adopted from different levels of government to control intimate partner violence. Keywords: Intimate partner violence; Kathmandu; mixed method; triangulation.Publication Health Effects of Intimate Partner Violence and Perception Regarding Minimization Strategies(Nepal Health Research Council, 2024) Ghimire, Sailaja; Ghimire, Sushmita; Khatri, Bishal Dahal; Neupane, Sarala; Sagtani, Resu Agrawal; Upadhaya, Shambhu PrasadBackground: Intimate Partner Violence refers to any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological or sexual harm to those in the relationship. There are very serious health consequences in the health of women due to intimate partner violence. Thus, this study tries to explore the health effects of intimate partner violence and minimization strategies associated with it. Methods: A phenomenological study design was used in the study. Interviews were conducted among eleven study participants. Interviews were done with the survivors of violence, female community health volunteers, health personnel, local leaders, and staff of the municipality working in the Judicial Committee. Interviews were transcribed and translated and thematic analysis was done. Results: Survivors of violence mainly faced three forms of violence (Physical, sexual, and emotional) resulting in various health effects. Complaints like headache, head injury, pain, and sores were physical health effects reported by women whereas complaints like stress and having suicidal thoughts were the mental health effects. Family taboos, poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, social norms, and tradition were found to be the factors associated with intimate partner violence while the minimization strategies included proper communication, mutual understanding among partners, and awareness about social and legal rights. Conclusions: Effective communication and mutual understanding between husband and wife is key in reducing these health effects. In addition, in community level women empowerment is crucial for mitigating IPV. Keywords: Intimate partner violence; mental health; mitigation strategies; physical health.Publication Hypothyroidism among Pregnant Women Attending the Outpatient Department of Obstetrics in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Ghimire, Asmita; Ghimire, Sailaja; Baniya, Prabha; Pant, Samridhha Raj; Subedi, Nilam; Koirala, Poonam; Pant, Padam RajAbstract Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder occurring in pregnancy. Maternal and fetal complications are present in these patients. Timely identification and treatment help in the prevention of complications. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women attending the Outpatient Department of Obstetrics in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care centre after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 08/2021). Data from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020 were collected between 1 November 2021 to 31 November 2021. All pregnant women who had undergone thyroid level assessment in each trimester (first, second and third) and had delivered in the same centre were included in the study. However, pregnant women with comorbidities like hypertension, overt diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, renal disease, cardiac disease, and neurological disorder were excluded. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 216 pregnant patients, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was 74 (34.25%) (27.92-40.57, 95% Confidence Interval). Maternal complications were seen in 33 (44.59%). The commonest complication was oligohydramnios 10 (13.51%) followed by preterm delivery 8 (10.81%). Conclusions: The prevalence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women was found to be higher than other studies done in similar settings.Publication Hysteroscopy among Patients Attending the Outpatient Department of Gynaecology in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Ghimire, Asmita; Ghimire, Sailaja; Shrestha, Asmita; Pant, Samridhha Raj; Subedi, Nilam; Pant, Padam RajAbstract Introduction: Hysteroscopy is a procedure used widely for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Hysteroscopy enables visualisation of the endometrial cavity and if possible treatment in the same setting avoiding invasive procedure. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of hysteroscopy among gynaecological patients attending the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among gynaecological patients from 1 January 2016 to 1 January 2020 visiting the outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a tertiary care centre after ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Registration number: 029/2021). Convenience sampling was used. Data regarding demographic parameters, hysteroscopy findings, procedures performed, histopathological findings and complications were retrieved from the electronic database of the hospital. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 319 gynaecological patients, hysteroscopy was done in 72 (22.57%) (17.98-27.16, 95% Confidence Interval) patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of hysteroscopy among gynaecological patients was higher to the studies done in similar settings.