Browsing by Author "Gyawali, Bindu"
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Publication Breast Cancer among Cancer Patients Visiting the Department of Internal Medicine of a Tertiary Centre(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Shrestha, Rakshya; Paudel, Bishal; Panthi, Bishal; Gyawali, Bindu; Pandey, Anup; Khanal, Surendra; Gyawali, SiddinathAbstract Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide both in terms of incidence and mortality. Its incidence has been on an increasing trend in developing nations including Nepal, however, there is very limited evidence of its demographic profile in our setting. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of breast cancer among cancer patients visiting the Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among cancer patients visiting the Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary care centre using retrospectively collected data from 1 August 2022 to 30 July 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Histopathologically confirmed cancer patients were included and those with incomplete and duplicated data were excluded. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 2067 cancer patients, the prevalence of breast cancer was 102 (4.93%) (4.00-5.87, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean age was 50.51±2.08 years. The most commonly affected age group was 40 to 60 years constituting 61 (59.80%) patients. Histologically, invasive breast cancer of no special type was the most common and was found in 91 (89.22%) patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of breast cancer was similar to other studies done in similar settings.Publication Hepatic Encephalopathy among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Karki, Ujjwal; Upreti, Nischal; Gyawali, Bindu; Shrestha, Sandesh Kumar; Basnet, Chandra Kiran; Sharma, Devashish; Dangol, NehaAbstract Introduction: Hepatic encephalopathy is a condition that impairs the neurological and psychiatric function of a patient as a result of advanced liver disease or portosystemic shunt. Early detection and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy can lessen its severity, length of stay in the hospital and potential fatality. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of hepatic encephalopathy among patients with chronic liver disease admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among patients with chronic liver disease admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine in a tertiary care centre. Data from 1 October 2021 to 15 May 2023 were collected between 20 May 2023 and 30 May 2023 from the hospital records. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 808/2023). The diagnosis was made based on the history, clinical examinations, and gradings were done as per West Haven criteria. Convenience sampling was done. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 389 patients with chronic liver disease, hepatic encephalopathy was seen in 40 (10.28%) (7.26-13.30, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean age of patients was 55.27±13.52 years. Conclusions: The prevalence of hepatic encephalopathy among patients with chronic liver disease was lower than the studies conducted in similar settings.Publication Vitamin D Deficiency among Blood Transfusion-Dependent Beta Thalassemia Children Admitted to Tertiary Level Pediatric Hospital in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Shrestha,Anil Kumar; Sherpa, Sangay Chultim; Gyawali, Bindu; Sharma, Manisha; Adhikari, Santosh; Shrestha, Suchitra; Bhattarai, Susan; Thapa, Sagar; Sharma, Devashish; Paudel, Prajwal; Gyawali, SushilAbstract Introduction: Children with beta thalassemia are on regular blood transfusions, which could result in iron deposition in the liver causing decreased synthesis of Vitamin D-25OH. There are limited publications on the association of Vitamin D deficiency with blood transfusion-dependent thalassemia in the Nepalese population. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among blood transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia patients. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among beta-thalassemia major patients under 15 years of age, receiving regular blood transfusion, from July 17, 2022, to July 16, 2023, after attaining ethical approval from Ethical Review Committee, (reference number 155). Data were collected using convenience sampling, and descriptive analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 2024. Results: A total of 127 blood transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia major patients were included in the study, of whom 82 (64.56%) were female. Among these patients, 104 (81.88%) were aged between 5 and 14 year. Among 127, 41 (32.28%) had Vitamin D insufficiency, and 31 (24.40%) had Vitamin D deficiency. There were 12 (9.44%) underweight children. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was seen in more than half of the children with blood transfusion dependent beta thalassemia major.