Browsing by Author "Jha, B"
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Publication A human case of Hymenolepis diminuta infection in Nepal(Institute of Medicine, 2005) Kunwar, CB; Subba, B; Shrestha, M; Chapagain, RH; Jha, B; Subedi, J; Blangero, J; Blangero, S. Williams; Towne, BAbstract A case of Hymenolepis diminuta infecton in human is reported. The patient was an 18 year old Nepalese female with an array of gastrointestinal symptoms. She was successfully treated with niclosamide. This report, for the first time; of H. diminuta in Jiri area confirms the possible distribution of this species in Nepal.Publication A study on thyroid disorders in suspected cases attending Om Hospital and Research Centre during 1996-1998(Institute of Medicine, 1999) Jha, B; Gurung, CK; Singh, JB; Subedi, RCAbstract Altogether 735 suspected individuals were undertaken for their thyroid function test. For this total T3, T4 and TSH were estimated by ELISA (Serozyme) technique. All the suspected cases attended Om Hospital and Research Centre from 1996 to 1998. In agesex composition, it was observed that the patients who were advised to do thyroid function test were more likely to be female, the ratio being M:F=1:3. Similarly, younger and elderly age group are found less as compared to other age group. The prevalence of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and hypothalamic disorders, T3-toxicosis and T4- toxicosis are 9.9/100, 15.1/100, 6.4/100, 8.9/100, and 4/100 respectively. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism is significantly highest followed by hyperthyroidism and T3-toxicosis among the different thyroid disorders. Hypothyroidism is found to be significantly higher in females whereas hyperthyroidism is high in males. Moreover, all types of disorders are found to be significantly different in both the sexes. When these disorders are divided into different age groups, the prevalence of all types of these disorders was not found significantly different among age groups. But the types are significantly different in 15-44 and 45-70 years age groups. Keywords: Total T3 and T4, TSH test, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothalamic disorders, T3- toxicosis and T4-toxicosisPublication Biochemical nutritional indicators in children with protein energy malnutrition attending Kanti Children Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2009) Mishra, SK; Bastola, SP; Jha, BAbstract Background: Nutrition is the science of food and its relationship to health. Nutritional status is one of the key indicators of health Nutritional status of Nepal is not satisfactory. Especially Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) in Nepal is a very common problem in children under five years of age. There are number biochemical parameters which become altered during protein energy malnutrition. Objectives: The objectives of the study are to determine biochemical nutritional indicators among children suffering from PEM and to compare all biochemical parameters with well nourished children and also to determine the factors affecting PEM among children under five years. Materials and methods: The study design was cross sectional, descriptive study with control. Children between ages 6 to 59 months attending outpatient department (OPD) and wards of Kanti Children’s Hospital (KCH), Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal were purposively selected. The sample size was calculated by using prevalence of malnutrition in Nepalese context and allowable error of 10 %, a total of 120 cases which include 60 PEM cases and 60 controls were selected. They were grouped into two groups based on whether they are above or below the 80% of 50th percentile of weight for height based on growth chart of National Centre of Health Statistics 3 (NCHS), USA. Results: The educational status of parents of children with PEM was found to be significantly less (p<0.05) as compared to their non-PEM counterparts. Occupations of parents whose children were in PEM group include mainly housewives and labourers. Larger proportions of children in our study were born at home and exact birth weights of children were not known. Most of the children are colostrum fed. Most of the children in our study were immunized. Almost equal proportion of children belonged to nuclear family type and joint family type. The mean serum glucose, sodium, potassium, cholesterol, haemoglobin was not significantly different in both groups while mean total protein, albumin, and calcium were significantly (p<0.05) low in PEM group when compared to well nourished children (control). There was significantly (p<0.05) higher incidence of hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminaemia, and hypocalcaemia, in PEM group when compared to control group. Conclusion: A significant proportion of children with protein energy malnutrition had altered biochemical parameters which were related to food intake and biochemical metabolism mandatory during growth and development of children less than five years of age. There was significantly higher proportion of hypoglycaemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminaemia, anaemia, hypocholesterolemia and hypocalcaemia in children with PEM when compared to normally nourished children. Key words: PEM, Biochemical nutritional indicators, anthropometryPublication Comparative study of lipid profile in smokers, tobacco chewers and diabetic patients(Institute of Medicine, 2005) Yadav, BK; Bade, AR; Singh, J; Jha, BAbstract Background: Smoking, tobacco chewing and Diabetes mellitus have been well recognized risk factors for arteriosclerosis. This study was conducted to find out the effect of these factors on lipid profile in Nepal. Method: Serum lipid profile was Studied In 29 smokers, 13 tobacco chewers,, 22 diabetic patients and 29 controls le. non smokers, non tobacco chewers and non diabetic individuals. Results: The mean serum total cholesterol (4.8±0.9 mmol/ltr) was significantly higher in smokers than in non smokers (p<0.01). Mean low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (3.2±0.8mmol/itr) andtriglyceride (2.0±0.9mmol/itr) were significantly higher in smokers (p<0.005, p<0.05 respectively) whereas mean high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (0.77±0.18mmol/Itr) was significantly lower (p<0.05). Tobacco chewing was related to higher total cholesterol (p<0.005), higher LDL cholesterol (p<0.05) and higher triglyceride (p<0.05) levels. There was no significant difference in HDL cholesterol level, The diabetics had higher values of total cholesterol (5.0±0.9mmol/Itr) and triglyceride (2.1±0.8mmol/Itr) levels (p=0.000 and p<0.01 respectively) than controls. However, there were no significant differences in HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. Conclusion: A moderate portion of the effect of cigarette smoking, tobacco chewing and Diabetes mellitus on risk of cardiovascular risk may be explained by an adverse effect of these on blood lipids.Publication Malathion induced changes on hepatic acid and alkaline phosphatases in developing rats(Institute of Medicine, 2001) Seal, Reneta; Jha, B; Sen, P; Anand, AAbstract The effect of malathion, an organophosphorous pesticide, was assessed on the biochemical nature of the hepatic organ. Malathion was administered per os at doses of 5mg, 50mg, 250mg and 500mg/kg body weight at a time interval of 24 hours to developing rats of Charles Foster Strain. Enzyme activities, e.g. acid phosphates and alkaline phosphates estimated would indicate that malathion may induce possible cellularlysis and tissue degeneration at high doses during developing stage. Keywords: Malathion, acid phosphatases, alkaline phosphatasesPublication Occurrence of soil-transmitted helminths in women at the Himalayan region of Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2006) Kunwar, CB; Chapagain, RH; Subba, B; Shrestha, M; Jha, B; Subedi, J; Blangero, J; Williams-Blangero, S; Towne, BObjective: to find the occurrence pattern and prevalence of the soil transmitted helminths in women of child bearing age group. Methods and Materials: The study was conducted in Jiri , an area of Dolakha district at the altitude of 2100 meter from sea level. The faecal sample of 478 women of childbearing age (15 to 45 years) were taken randomly and examined for the ova of soil transmitted helianthus. Result: The occurrence pattern was 53.0%, 20.0% and 2.7% for Hookworms, Ascaries lumbricoids and Trichuris Trichuria respectively. Both Ascaries and Hookworm prevalence rates noticeably increased with increasing age, with the highest infection rate between the age of 36 - 45 years while trichuris infection reached the highest in women of 15-25 years of age. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of hookworm and ascaries in women of childbearing age and necessary intervention is needed according to WHO guidelines. Key words: soil-transmitted helminth, stool sample, women, himalayanPublication Pattern of hepatitis B and C infections among patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal(Institute of Medicine, 2016) Pokharel, N; Bhandari, D; Jha, BAbstract Introduction: Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E virus infections are major global health problems. These viral infections affect a million of people worldwide, causing acute and chronic diseases. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections lead to chronic diseases and are the most common causes of liver cirrhosis and cancer. Methods: A cross sectional observation study was conducted from March 2013 to August 2013 among clinically suspected out patients and the patients undergoing surgery at Om Hospital and Research Centre with the aim to assess the burden of Hepatitis B and C viral infections. A total of 307 patient sera were tested serologically using Enhanced Chemiluminescence Immunoassay automated system (Vitros ECI) to detect HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies. Results: Out of 307 serum samples, the overall seropositivity rate for HBs-Ag and anti-HCV antibodies were 2.1% and 0.33% respectively. Positivity rate for both types of infection was found to be higher among male patients, although the P value > 0.05 indicated that there is no significant relationship. Furthermore, the positivity rate of Hepatitis B infection was higher among the patients of age group 46- 55 years, and that for Hepatitis C was higher among the age group 36-45 years, with P>0.05 suggesting no significant relationship between the age group and infection. Conclusion: The study demonstrated Hepatitis B and C viruses to be endemic necessitating implementation of the preventive measures and screening of population at risk to identify the burden of the disease in the society Keywords: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Infection, Nepal