Browsing by Author "Kafle, S"
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Publication Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Adherence among Female Community Health Volunteers Before and After an Educational Intervention(Kathmandu University, 2025) Jha, N; Kafle, S; Joshi, M; Pandey, A; Koirala, P; Bhandary, S; Shankar, PRABSTRACT Background Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem in Nepal. Knowledge, attitude, practice and adherence of female community healthcare volunteers of an intervention area about antimicrobials before and immediately after a workshop conducted on 24th February 2024 was measured. Objective To compare the knowledge, attitude and practice towards antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial adherence among female community health volunteers. Method A questionnaire containing four sections related to various themes of antimicrobials was developed. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice questions were analyzed using two sample proportion tests. Feedback regarding the educational intervention was also obtained using a 7-item tool and open responses. Result All Female Community Health care Volunteers from Mahalaxmi municipality participated. Most participants were aged between 41-50 years [19 (42.2%)] and [25 (55.6%)] had working experience greater than 10 years. The scores for statements antimicrobial resistance are a serious problem worldwide, [84.4% vs 60% (p=0.004)] and antibiotics are used to inhibit the growth of bacteria improved post- intervention [100% vs 77.8% (p ≤ 0.001)]. Scores for attitude statements like, taking antibiotics without consulting a physician [91.1% vs 60% (p ≤ 0.001)], missing a dose or two of antibiotic treatment contribution to antibiotic resistance, [75.5% vs 46.6% (p = 0.002)] among others improved. The scores for certain practice statements also improved post-intervention. The median scores for attitude scale, [31 vs 26 (p ≤ 0.001)] and practice scale, [31 vs 34 (p = 0.011)] were different before and after the workshop. Participant feedback on the workshop was positive. Conclusion The session was effective in increasing participants’ practice scores and may lead to more rational use of antimicrobials. The attitude, practice and total scores were different before and after the workshop. KEY WORDS Antimicrobial resistance, Educational intervention, Feedback, Female community healthcare volunteersPublication Prevalence and Severity of Gingival Enlargement Among Antihypertensive Drug Users: A cross-sectional study(Kathmandu University, 2024) Kafle, S; Shrestha, E; Dhital, BMABSTRACT Background Drug-induced gingival enlargement is a well-known consequence of the administration of some antihypertensive drugs, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers. Objective To determine the prevalence and severity of antihypertensive drug-induced gingival enlargement and to assess the probable risk factors associated with gingival enlargement. Method A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in patients attending the Outpatient Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Chitwan Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal, from July 2023 to May 2024. A total of 246 patients of both genders taking antihypertensive medications for a variable period and meeting all inclusion criteria were selected for the presence of gingival enlargement and classified by severity. Descriptive analysis was performed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, v.23.0.) using the chi-square test. Result A total of 210 (85.36%) subjects taking antihypertensive drugs appeared to have gingival enlargement. Among them, 86 (40.95%), 69 (32.86%) and 55 (26.19%) were taking calcium channel blockers, β-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, respectively. Regarding its severity, a marked severity was observed in patients taking calcium channel blockers followed by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers accounting for 51 (56.0%), 19 (29.7%) and 13 (14.3%), respectively. Conclusion Patients taking antihypertensive medications are at high risk for gingival enlargement, and inflammation is considered an important cofactor for the expression of this effect. KEY WORDS Antihypertensive drugs, Drug-induced gingival enlargement, Prevalence, Severity