Browsing by Author "Kandel, Kamal"
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Publication Anaemia among Third-trimester Pregnant Women in a Community Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Kandel, Kamal; Paudel, Bhavana; Gauchan , Eva; Adhikari, Suraj; Khadka, Nisha; Chaulagain, Prashant; Banjade, Prakash; Paudel, Ananta HariAbstract Introduction: Anaemia has haemoglobin levels of less than 11/100 ml in the first and third trimesters and less than 10/100 ml in the second. Maternal anaemia is a global health issue that has a negative impact on neonatal outcomes. The prevalence is more common in developing nations like Nepal. Positive correlations have been found between third-trimester maternal haemoglobin and neonatal birth weight. Our study aimed to find out the prevalence of anaemia among third-trimester of pregnant women in a community hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from September 2020 to September 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Nepal health research council (Registration number: 577/2020P). The haemoglobin level of 375 participants was recorded. Data were analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Convenience sampling was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Out of a total of 375 pregnant females in the third trimester, 31 (8.27%) (5.48-11.06, 95% Confidence Interval) were anaemia. Conclusions: The prevalence of anaemia was lower as compared to other studies done in similar settings.Publication Attitude and Perception of Preclinical Undergraduate Medical Students about Problem Based Learning in Medical College of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Karki, Naresh; Joshi, Lokraj; Prasad, Pravin; Kandel, Kamal; Shakya, Raju PrasadAbstract Introduction: Problem-based learning is a student-centered learning method. Assessing students’ understanding, settled way of thinking and interpretation towards problem-based learning is essential. The objective of the study was to understand the attitude and perception of preclinicalM.B.B.S. students about problem-based learning. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July 5, 2023 to September 4, 2023 for the duration of two months after duly approval from Institutional Review Committee (Protocol No: IRC-LMC-04/Q-23). First and second year M.B.B.S. students who had good experience of attending problem-based learning sessions in integrated basic science subjects were included in the study. Fifteen close-ended questions related to attitude and perceptions were designed in Google Form. The responses were taken on five point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), neutral (3), agree (4), and strongly agree (5). Data were expressed as frequency and percentage. Results: Among 164 participants, 92 (56.09%) strongly agreed and 67 (40.87%) agreed that problem based learning enhances self-directed learning on the topic. Similarly, 103 (62.80%) strongly agreed and 59 (35.98%) agreed that problem based learning improves communication skills. Likewise, 78(47.57%) agreed and 53 (32.32%) strongly agreed that this learning method improves confidence in decision-making. Moreover, 89 (54.28%) agreed and 58 (35.36%) strongly agreed that tutors motivate students to learn themselves through problem based learning. Conclusions: Majority of the students have positive attitude and good perception towards problem based learning. This method helps in generating skills like communication skills, group discussion, constructive critical reasoning, decision–making.Publication Combination Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Karki, Naresh; Kandel, Kamal; Shah, Kyushu; Prasad, Pravin; Khanal, JeevanAbstract Introduction: Assessing anti-diabetic drug use patterns in hospitals is an important activity which helps to promote the rational use of drugs and may suggest measures to change prescribing habits for the better. This study aimed to find the use of combination therapy in diabetes mellitus patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 201 diabetes mellitus patients in the internal medicine department from 2 March 2022 to 30 June 2022 for a duration of four months after approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Protocol No: IRC-LMC-01/R-022). Diabetic patients prescribed at least one anti-diabetic drug in prescription forms were included. Socio-demographic profiles, clinical characteristics and anti-diabetic drug use pattern-related data were collected. Convenience sampling was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 201 patients, 134 (66.66%) (60.14-73.18, 95% Confidence Interval) patients were given combination therapy. The most common combination therapy was metformin 500 mg and sitagliptin 50 mg. A total of 324 anti-diabetic drugs were used. The average number of drugs prescribed per patient was 1.6±0.7. The number of anti-diabetic drugs prescribed by generic name and from the national essential drugs list was 74 (22.83%) and 188 (58.02%) respectively. Biguanides were used in 176 (87.56%) patients. Conclusions: These findings were similar to some other studies conducted in similar settings. In most patients, combination drug therapy was more prevalent. Among combination therapy, two drug combinations were more prevalent.