Browsing by Author "Kandel, Pratibha"
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Publication Association Between Vitamin D Levels and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Gene Polymorphisms in Nepalese Population(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Baidya, Sujata; Kandel, Pratibha; Rajkarnikar, Smrity; Sah, Anil Kumar; Niraula, Apeksha; Tuladhar, Eans Tara; Shakya, Yagya Laxmi; Bam, Niraj; Sharma, Vijay Kumar; Yadav, Binod KumarAbstract: Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health concern. Small variations in the proteins involved in vitamin D metabolism affect levels and physiological roles of vitamin D. However, there is a paucity of data regarding such factors in our population. This study was designed to assess the distribution of polymorphisms of vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene (rs2238136 and rs731236) in vitamin-D deficient Nepalese population. Methods: A total of 400 apparently healthy individuals visiting our center were enrolled. Five ml of blood was collected in gel vial and EDTA vial. The 25(OH)D levels were estimated in ABBOTT Architect autoanalyzer. After extracting genomic DNA, the VDR gene polymorphism (rs2238136 and rs731236) was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The amplified products, 135 bp and 716 bp were digested using restriction enzymes Bpu10IA and TaqI for rs2238136 and rs731236, respectively, electrophoresed on 2% agarose gel and visualized under UV illuminator. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0. Results: The distribution of both rs2238136 and rs731236 followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There were 24 AA, 238 GG, and 138 AG genotypes found in rs2238136, whereas 226 TT, 34 CC, and 140 TC genotypes were found in rs731236. In contrast to rs731236, vitamin D levels varied among genotypes of rs2238136. Conclusions: In our population, there was a higher prevalence of GG genotype (rs2238136) and TT genotype (rs731236). Increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in our region may be due to these genetic variations.Publication High Serum Homocysteine among Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Visiting an Infertility Clinic of a Tertiary Care Centre(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Sharma, Vijay Kumar; Kandel, Pratibha; Baidya, Sujata; Rajkarnikar, Smrity; Niraula, Apeksha; Tuladhar, Eans Tara; Bhattarai, Aseem; Raut, Mithileshwer; Dubey, Raju Kumar; Koirala, PoonamAbstract Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age which is characterized by hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovarian morphology, ovarian dysfunction, and hyperinsulinemia. Increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease and higher cardiovascular morbidity is seen in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of high serum homocysteine levels among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome visiting an infertility clinic of a tertiary care centre. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome visiting an infertility clinic at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care centre from 1 June 2023 to 1 September 2023. The study was conducted after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Biochemical analysis of gonadal hormones, serum homocysteine and lipid profile was done. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% confidence interval. Results: Among 76 women, the prevalence of high serum homocysteine level was found in 54 (71.05%) (60.86-81.25, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean age of patients was 27.46±6.18 years. Conclusions: The prevalence of high homocysteine levels among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome is higher than other studies done in similar settings.Publication Positive Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody among Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Visiting an Infertility Clinic at a Tertiary Care Centre(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Sharma, Vijay Kumar; Baidya, Sujata; Kandel, Pratibha; Rajkarnikar, Smrity; Niraula, Apeksha; Dubey, Raju Kumar; Raut, Mithileshwer; Bhattarai, Aseem; Tuladhar, Eans Tara; Koirala, PoonamAbstract Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common endocrine-metabolic disorder, affecting women of reproductive age groups, which shares various symptoms with thyroid dysfunctions. Despite it predisposition of aforesaid cohorts to autoimmunity, these etiologies have not adequately been studied in them. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome visiting an infertility clinic at a tertiary care centre. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care centre among patients visiting the infertility clinic at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from 21 September 2022 to 21 February 2023. Biochemical analysis of thyroid hormones, gonadal hormones, anti-mullerian hormone and thyroid peroxidase antibody were done in Abbott ARCHITECT ci4100 and SNIBE Maglumi 800 autoanalyzer. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 70 participants, thyroid peroxidase antibody was positive in 16 (22.86%) (13.02-32.69, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean age of the patients was 28.25±5.26 years. In the individuals with thyroid-stimulating hormone below 2.5 mIU/l, 5 (31.25%) had positive thyroid peroxidase antibody titre. Conclusions: The prevalence of positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome is similar to other studies done in similar settings. Regular monitoring of thyroid peroxidase antibodies is recommended in these women to guide conception in order to evade inevitable adverse pregnancy outcomes.