Browsing by Author "Katwal, Shailendra"
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Publication Comparison of Fat Suppression Sequences T2 Weighted Two-Point Dixon and Short-Tau Inversion Recovery in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lumbar Spine: An Observational Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2025) Khanal, Umesh; Sah, Ramswarth; Mahato, Sushil Kumar; Katwal, Shailendra; Gurung, GhanshyamAbstract Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a common diagnostic tool used to evaluate various clinical conditions. Different fat suppression techniques such as Short Tau Inversion Recovery and Dixon are employed to enhance diagnostic accuracy. The choice of fat suppression sequence varies based on availability and performance. This study aimed to compare Contrast Ratio and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio of Short Tau Inversion Recovery and Dixon technique. Methods: This observational cross-section study was performed in the Department of Radiology from 8 September 2023 to 7 September 2024 after the approval by the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 151/080/081(6-11)E2). Using a complete census method during the study period, MRI-lumbar spines of 384 adult patients were included in the study. Signal intensity values of the lesion, adjacent normal tissue, and noise were recorded for calculation of Contrast Ratio and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio. Results: Among 384 cases, 191 (49.74%) were male and 193 (50.26%) were female with median age 46 (IQR: 35-60) years. The median value of contrast ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were 0.31 (IQR: 0.14-0.50) and 8.74 (IQR: 3.82-15.50) respectively for STIR sequence while median value of contrast ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were 0.44 (IQR: 0.19-0.74) and 11.95 (IQR: 5.38-23.18) respectively for Dixon sequence, higher than Short Tau Inversion Recovery. Conclusions: Contrast Ratio and Contrast to Noise Ratio were found higher and background noise lower for Dixon compared to Short Tau Inversion Recovery.Publication Dural Venous Sinus Variations Observed in Magnetic Resonance Venography at a Tertiary Care Hospital: An Observational Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Paudel, Sharma; Sah, Ramswarth; Singh, Rakesh Kumar; Kayastha, Prakash; Katwal, ShailendraAbstract Introduction: The dural venous system, composed of various sinuses, plays a crucial role in draining deoxygenated blood from the central nervous system. Understanding its anatomical variations is essential to differentiate it from pathological conditions like cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. This study aims to evaluate the anatomical variations of the dural venous sinuses using Magnetic Resonance Venography. Methods: An observational, cross-section study was performed in the Department of Radiology from September 2023 to March 2024 after the approval by the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 149/080/081(6-11)E2). Magnetic Resonance Venography of 109 adult patients was performed using a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. Diameters of the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and transverse sinuses were measured. Variations in transverse sinuses, straight sinus, and confluence were categorized and analyzed. Results: The study included 52 (47.70%) male and 57 (52.30%) female, with median age of 42 (IQR: 30.5 - 56) years. The superior sagittal sinus had the diameter of 6.4±1 mm. Symmetric transverse sinus variant seen was in 80 (73.39%) patients, and left transverse sinus hypoplasia was seen in 20 (18.35%) patients. Variations in the straight sinus and confluence were also documented with a true confluence (type III) was seen in 71 (65.10%) patients. Conclusions: Anatomical variations of the dural venous sinuses as observed in 1.5 Tesla MRI was quite common.Publication Variation in the Branches of Arch of Aorta in Patients Undergoing Contrast Enhanced Multidetector Computed Tomography in a Tertiary Centre, Nepal(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Kayastha, Prakash; Paudel, Sharma; Bista, Nikesh; Adhikari, Binaya; Katwal, ShailendraAbstract Introduction: Variations in the branching pattern of the Arch of Aorta (AoA) are common in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced Multidetector Computed Tomography, the identification of which is crucial in managing patients undergoing cardiovascular/neck surgeries and interventions. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study involved 513 patients who were sent to the Department of Radiology for evaluation of various pathologies of chest and neck between August 2018 and July 2019. After approval from the Institutional Review Committee {Reference No: 11(6-11) E2/075/076}, contrast-enhanced computed tomography images were evaluated with variations in branches of the left-sided arch of the aorta and symptoms associated. Results: Variations in branches of the arch of aorta were seen in 69 (13.45%; 95% CI: 10.60%-16.71%) of cases, left common carotid artery and brachiocephalic trunk having common origin or common trunk was 51(9.94%). The mean age was 52.4±20 years (Range 3 months to 92 years) with male to female ratio of 1.3:1. Conclusions: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography is the modality of choice for the detection of the variations in branches of AoA, recognition of which is crucial in vascular intervention and surgical procedures to reduce the postoperative morbidity and mortality of the patients.