Browsing by Author "Khadga, P"
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Publication Medication Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Patients Visiting Antiretroviral Therapy Center at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2013) Sharma, S; Khadga, P; Dhungana, GP; Chitrakar, UABSTRACT Background Although antiretroviral therapy has limited efficiency, patients should take multiple drugs in combination in prescribed time for lifelong and they should also require specific food and fluid restriction. Due to these and other factors patients may discontinue their medication and therefore face significant challenges in adherence. Objectives To assess factors associated with non-adherence among people living with HIV receiving the antiretroviral therapy. Methods Between July 2011 to January 2012, a cross sectional survey was conducted among patients visiting HIV/AIDS unit, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital for therapy. After taking informed consent, a pre-structured questionnaire was filled up and data were entered into SPSS 11.5 system and analyzed. Results Of the 100 studied subjects, 61 (61.0%) were male and 39 (39%) were female. Adherence was found to be 79%. The major barrier to adherence was reported to be simply forgetfulness (33.3% of those non adherents). Non adherence was significantly associated with types of family (X2 value, 7.11), smoking (X2 value, 5.44) and alcoholic habit (X2 value, 5.69) but not with gender (X2 value, 2.57). Besides this, poor economic status, and attendance to religious ceremony were reported to be major obstacles to adherence. Conclusion Adherence at this center was found to be only satisfactory. Forgetfulness was reported to be the major cause of non adherence. Persons living in joint family and those with alcoholic and /or smoking habit were more likely to miss the pills. It can be recommended that effective counseling, moral/financial support for HIV/AIDS patients may increase their adherence. KEY WORDS Adherence, HIV/AIDS, KathmanduPublication Use of five different tests for Helicobacter pylori infection in Nepal(Institute of Medicine, 2014) Sharma, RP; Yamaoka, Y; Shrestha, PK; Khadga, P; Sharma, S; Shrestha, KBAbstract Introduction: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) has declined rapidly in Asia. This has been shown in both sero-prevalence-based and endoscopy-based studies. The present study was conducted to determine the current prevalence of H.pylori infection in Nepali population referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and its relation with gastro-duodenal diseases. Method: Total of 146 patients (71 males and 75 females with the mean age of 42, 43 yrs, range 16-90yrs) underwent endoscopy at endoscopy services in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Nepal. The diagnosis of H.pylori infection was determined non-invasively by serology and invasively by rapid urease test, culture, histology and immunohistochemistry. Results: The overall prevalence of H.pylori infection was 48.6%. The sero-prevalence was 43.8%. Gastritis was the predominant finding (76.7%), followed by duodenal ucler (4.1%), gastric ulcer (4.8%), gastric adenocarcinoma (3.4%) and normal mucosa (10.9%). Conclusion: The present study revealed the prevalence of H. pylori infection measured by serology was higher than that with other studies conducted in Nepal, the present study of the first study to use several tests at the same time to determine H. pylori prevalence. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, infection, test, Nepal