Browsing by Author "Khadka, P"
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Publication Galvanic Skin Response as a Simple Physiology Lab Teaching Tool- An Alternative Indicator of Sympathetic Arousal(Kathmandu University, 2018) Nepal, O; Jha, RK; Bhattarai, A; Khadka, P; Kapoor, BKABSTRACT Background Sympathetic arousal response due to rewarding emotion may not be considered threat to the well-being but such arousal response evoked by fear or punishment can be stressful. When such changes are recorded in lab as biological signals, induced with appropriate stimulus, the observed response may serve as a good indicator of homeostatic alteration. In this study, skin conductance was utilized to record sympathetic response for cognitive load, by application of simple subtraction task. Objective To detect sympathetic arousal by utilization of galvanic skin response during mental arithmetic task. Method Total of eighty two subjects, forty two female and forty male participated in the study. Twenty two subjects were provided mental task to record skin conductance. In sixty subjects, galvanic skin response, pulse rate, respiratory rate and temperature were recorded by appropriate transducers to obtain baseline and task response to detect differential recordings. Subjects performed the mental exercise of arithmetic task (MAT) with transducer placed in upper limbs. Mean of averages for respective variables were statistically calculated from obtained recordings. Result For measured galvanic skin response, 57 subjects showed increased skin conductance (rise in amplitude) whereas, 25 subjects had no rise in amplitude (“A peak”) while performing the mental arithmetic task, when compared to control recording. However, in 20 subjects, pulse rate and respiratory rate showed significant rise though, the change in the skin conductance was not significant. Conclusion Galvanic skin response is useful for demonstration of sympathetic activation induced by simple mental subtraction task, and can be utilized along with vital parameters mentioned in this study to discuss in vivo variation that exist as differential for core and superficial sympathetic outflow among individuals. KEY WORDS Arousal, Conductance, Galvanic, Mental, SympatheticPublication Patients’ attitude towards concept of right to know(Kathmandu University, 2007) Hari, D; Mark, Z; Bharati, D; Khadka, PAbstract Objective: To ascertain patients’ attitude towards concept of right to know about Terminal cancer Materials and methods: Questionnaire was constructed that included demographic and clinical information distributed to 500 OPD patients and interviewed them at Patan Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Results: 500 OPD patients completed questionnaire along with interview. 63.4% of patients wanted to know diagnosis, 41.2% wanted to know about prognosis and 13% wanted to make own end of life decision-making about the terminal cancer. Similarly, 89% of patients wanted to tell diagnosis to their family members and 83% wanted to tell prognosis. The view for disclosure rate is different when one is as patient and as family member (63.4% versus 34.4%). Elderly people are more likely to know the prognosis and educated and Brahmin people are more likely to make their own end of life decision-making. Conclusion: Findings of the study indicated that most patients want to be informed about their terminal illness. Physicians should realize that patients and family units might differ in their attitude therefore; truth telling should depend on what the patients want to know and are prepared to know. Key words: attitude, patient, right to know (autonomy), terminal illness