Browsing by Author "Khadka, Rajya"
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Publication Cytomorphological Findings of Thyroid Lesions Based on theBethesda System and Their Relation with Thyroid Hormonal Status:A Cross-Sectional Study(Nepal APF Hospital, 2026) Khadka, Rajya; Shrestha, Hari Govinda; Karmacharya, Kavita; Parajuli, Ganesh; Shrestha, Rajesh; Adhikari, Ashish; Shrestha, Ujwal; Pradhan, DipendraAbstract: Introduction: Swelling of the thyroid gland is a common presentation of thyroid diseases, both benign and malignant, and some are associated with thyroid dysfunction. Fine needle aspiration cytology, along with ultrasound and assessment of thyroid function status, remains the mainstay of evaluation of thyroid swellings. This study aimed to classify thyroid lesions according to the Bethesda system and to assess their relationship with thyroid hormonal status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted prospectively from April 2023 to April 2024 in a tertiary care center after ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 774). Patients with thyroid lesions were included using convenience sampling, with a sample size of 141. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed for lesion classification. Data entry and analysis were done using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Results: Among 141 cases, the most common thyroid lesion diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology was benign, comprising 87 (61.70%), with benign follicular nodule accounting for 63 (44.70%) among the benign lesions. Among all, 99 (70.23%) patients presented with euthyroid status, and no statistical correlation between thyroid hormone status and benign versus malignant lesions or Bethesda classification was seen in this study. In total, 120 (85.11%) were female. The age group ranged from 18 to 87 years, and the mean age at presentation was 54.8 years. Conclusions: In this study most thyroid lesions fell into the Bethesda category II. Thus, fine needle aspiration cytology is an important diagnostic tool for thyroid lesions. However, thyroid hormone status and benign versus malignant lesions showed no statistical correlation.Publication Histopathological Findings in Cholecystectomy Specimens of Gallbladder in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study(Nepal APF Hospital, 2025) Maharjan, Rajendra; Khadka, RajyaAbstract: Introduction: The gallbladder is one of the most frequently resected organs which is examined in a surgical pathology practice. It presents with a wide spectrum of lesion on histopathology. Gallbladder is among the most common organs where incidental gallbladder carcinoma occurs. The study was aimed to find the prevalence of various histopathological spectrum of gallbladder among cholecystectomy specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of pathology, of a tertiary care hospital from January 1, 2023 to December 30, 2024. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: NAPFH-037/2024). All the patients who had undergone cholecystectomy for gallbladder diseases were enrolled in the study. Enumeration sampling technique was done. Basic statistics and Microsoft Excel were used for data analysis. Results: Out of 400 cholecystectomy specimens, Chronic cholecystitis with specific finding was the most common finding with 270 (67.50%) cases. 11 (2.75%) cases of dysplasia and one (0.25%) case of gallbladder adenocarcinoma was observed. There were 125 (31.25%) males and 275 (68.75%) females with a male to female ratio of 1:2.2. Age ranged from 15 to 83 years with a mean age of 44.32±13.55 years. Gallbladder lesions were observed maximum in age group 30-39 years with 136 (34.00%) cases. Conclusions: The prevalence of histopathological spectrum of gallbladder is similar to other studies done in similar settings. Female predominance was noted in gallbladder lesions.Publication Thyroid Malignancy among Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid Lesions in a Tertiary Care Centre(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Gurung, Suman; Karki, Niranjan; Bogati, Kanchan; Baniya, Sunil; Shah, Swapnil; Nepal, Anupam Sharma; Khadka, Rajya; Lamichhane, JyotiAbstract Introduction: The most prevalent endocrine cancer in the world is thyroid cancer, and its incidence is on the rise. The distinction between benign and malignant thyroid nodules must be made, which is why fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesion is necessary and required. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of thyroid malignancy among fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesions in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesions in a tertiary care centre after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Data from 13 April 2020 to 13 April 2023 was collected between 19 May 2023 to 19 June 2023. All the patients with complete hospital record data were included in this study. However, repetitive fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesion were excluded from the study. Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnoses were categorized in this study as per the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 398 fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesions, thyroid malignancy was seen in 12 (3.02%) (1.34-4.70, 95% Confidence Interval) patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid malignancy was found to be lower than other studies done in similar settings.