Browsing by Author "Lamichhane, Bikash"
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Publication Geriatric Syndromes in Older People Attending Geriatric Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Center in Western Nepal(Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS), 2024) Kandel, Ramesh; Gautam, Ajay Raj; Bhattarai, Bhawana; Lamichhane, BikashAbstract: Introduction: The aging population is rising globally, posing significant challenges to healthcare systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Nepal. Geriatric syndromes, including falls, urinary incontinence, depression, and sensory impairments, are prevalent in older adults, often leading to reduced quality of life. However, limited research exists on the prevalence and interrelation of these syndromes in outpatient settings in Nepal. The study examined the prevalence and associated factors of geriatric syndromes among older adults attending a geriatric outpatient department (OPD) at a tertiary care hospital in western Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 systematically sampled individuals aged ≥60 years attending the Geriatric Medicine OPD at Rapti Academy of Health Sciences. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and standardized tools, including the Geriatric Depression Scale and Mini-Cog test. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze associations between geriatric syndromes and demographic and clinical variables. Results: The prevalence of geriatric syndromes, including falls (22.5%), urinary incontinence (31.9%), and sensory impairments (~40%), increased with age. Falls were significantly associated with morbidity, drug count, and the number of geriatric syndromes. Individuals aged ≥80 years were most vulnerable, with steeply increasing health challenges. Conclusion: Geriatric syndromes are highly prevalent among older adults in Nepal, emphasizing the need for integrated care models and targeted interventions, particularly for individuals aged ≥80 years. Findings underscore the importance of holistic approaches to improving geriatric health outcomes in Nepal’s healthcare system.Publication Pulmonary Tuberculosis and its Associated Factors among HIV Positive Individuals attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of Tertiary Care hospital in Ghorahi, Dang(Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS), 2025) Lamichhane, Bikash; Darlami, Radha; Bhattarai, StutiAbstract: Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) weakens the immune system by targeting CD4 cells. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed tuberculosis infection of the lung parenchyma or tracheobronchial tree. Prevalence of PTB is significantly high among HIV positive individuals. This study assessed the Pulmonary Tuberculosis and its associated factors among HIV positive individuals. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at ART clinic of Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS). After obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee of RAHS, records of 299 HIV positive individuals attending the ART clinic from January to December 2024 were consecutively sampled and retrieved. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16. Results: Out of 299 HIV positive individuals, the majority (53.5%) were aged 40–59 years, with a median age of 41 years, and near-equal gender distribution. Most were Janajati (39.1%), married (69.6%), literate (73.6%), and unemployed (77.6%), with spouses of migrants (40.1%) and migrants (20.4%) being the key risk groups. Clinically, over half (51.2%) were in Stage I HIV, 94.3% had viral load testing, and 98.2% of those tested showed viral suppression. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) was prevalent in 7.4% of HIV positive individuals. Among 47 individuals with other associated diseases, infections (29.7%) were most common. Conclusion: This study highlights the ongoing challenge of PTB associated with HIV infection in Nepal, necessitating targeted interventions and integrated services. Further multi-center research is recommended to explore socioeconomic and clinical determinants of PTB among HIV-positive individuals.Publication Trend of Teenage Pregnancy and its Adverse Outcome at Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, Dang District, Lumbini Province(Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS), 2024) Lamichhane, Bikash; Lamichhane, Basant; Darlami, Radha; Kunwar, Shishir; Bhattarai, Stuti; Gautam, Ajaya Raj; Pokhrel, BishalAbstract: Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is defined as a pregnancy in a girl who is 10-19 years of age. In Nepal, adolescents aged 10 to 19 comprise 6.4 million of the population. The most common maternal complications in teenage pregnancy were hypertensive disorders, preterm birth and low birth weight. Teenage pregnancy has negative effects on the health outcomes of both the mother and the newborn. So, this study was conducted to describing the trend of teenage pregnancy and its outcome at a tertiary care hospital in the Dang district. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS). Ethical approval was taken from the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC). Data was retrieved from January 2018 to December 2022 from the hospital Central Admission Register and maternity register record. The total 1097 records of teenage deliveries were taken as a whole sampling. Data entry was done in Microsoft Excel and point estimate at 95% CI was calculated along with frequency and percentage. Results: Total 1097 teenage deliveries were conducted in five years where maximum teenage deliveries were of 19 years (41.2%). Among teenage delivery, live birth delivery was 89.9%. Significant tear was found in 264 teenage deliveries (95.0%) as a maternal complication. Conclusion: The trend of teenage pregnancy was in decreasing trend over five years in RAHS, Dang. Preterm delivery, Perineal tear, and Spontaneous abortion were common complications seen in pregnancy. Further awareness and health education programs helps to reduce the teenage pregnancy