Browsing by Author "Maharjan, Swojay"
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Publication An Outbreak Investigation of Varicella Zoster among Male Military Personnel in a Military Training Centre(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Karki, Parag; Budhathoki, Lee; Poudel, Anita; Maharjan, Swojay; Khadka, Manoj; Shrestha, Lochana; Paudel, LeelaAbstract Introduction: Chickenpox is an acute, highly infectious disease. Outbreaks can occur in adults in closed institutional settings like hostels and barracks. This study aims to report varicella zoster outbreak among male military personnel in a military training centre. Methods: An outbreak investigation of chickenpox in a military training school and tertiary hospital was conducted. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 267). Data was collected from February 5, 2020 to April 10, 2020 by questionnaire and clinical examination. Case definitions were prepared as per the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Data was entered and analysed in Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: Out of the 167 male personnel in the training centre, 90 (53.89%) were susceptible to varicella and 84 (50.29%) were close contacts. The secondary attack rate of varicella zoster was 21.43% (18 cases). The mean age of the patients was 22.33±1.72 years. The mean days of admission were 5±2.28 days. The most common clinical features were generalised rash in 18 (100%), fever in 15 (83.33%), and body ache in 12 (66.67%) cases. Conclusions: Natural history, clinical, and epidemiological features of varicella zoster in a closed institutional setting was studied with the secondary attack rate being less as compared to other studies.Publication Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of lung cancer on various Bronchoscopic modalities Authors(Nepalese Respiratory Society, 2024) K.C, Rajesh; Maharjan, Swojay; Shrestha, Kushal; Sedhain, Shashwot; Adhikari, Gopal; Maharjan, Sirapa; Panta, Chiranjibi; Basnet, Ashok; Basnet, Bina; Karmacharya, BinaAbstract: Introduction: Lung cancer is responsible for a major portion of cancer-related mortality worldwide, despite advancements in diagnostic technologies and treatment modalities. Bronchoscopy plays a central role in the diagnosis of lung cancer by allowing direct visualization of the airways and facilitating tissue sample collection through endobronchial brush, endobronchial wash, and endobronchial biopsy. Objective: To analyze the histomorphological patterns of lung malignancies and compare the diagnostic efficacy of different bronchoscopic techniques, like specifically bronchial wash cytology, endobronchial brush cytology, and endobronchial biopsy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) morphological findings, including bronchial wash and endobronchial brush cytology and endobronchial biopsy, was conducted in 78 patients aged 18 years and older with findings suspicious for malignancy on CT scan. Frequencies of various histopathological subtypes of lung cancer were tallied with the different diagnostic procedures and corresponding FOB findings. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of endobronchial brush cytology and bronchial wash cytology, both individually and in combination, were evaluated using biopsy as the reference standard. Associations between demographic variables, tumor and nodal staging, and bronchoscopic findings were also assessed. Results: Of the 78 patients, 63 (80.8%) had a confirmed diagnosis of malignancy on biopsy. The most frequently identified histopathological subtypes of lung cancer were squamous cell carcinoma (47.4%), followed by non- small cell lung carcinoma, not otherwise specified (14.1%), and small cell carcinoma (10.3%). On FOB, the tumors most frequently appeared as endobronchial growths (68.3%), followed by areas of unhealthy mucosa (55.6%) and polyploidal lesions (19%). Endobronchial brush cytology yielded a sensitivity of 49.2%, a specificity of 60%, and an overall diagnostic accuracy of 51.28%. In comparison, endobronchial wash cytology showed lower sensitivity (12.7%), higher specificity (86.7%), and a reduced diagnostic accuracy of 26.92%. When combined, these cytological methods yielded a sensitivity of 55.65%, a specificity of 52.02%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 54.4%. There was no significant association between clinical or bronchoscopic variables and malignancy status. Conclusions: The study reinforces the critical diagnostic role of bronchoscopic modalities in detecting pulmonary malignancies. The combination of endobronchial brush and bronchial wash cytology marginally improved sensitivity but with moderate specificity. The relatively low sensitivity of cytological techniques, especially endobronchial wash, highlights their limitations as standalone diagnostic tools.Publication Internet Addiction among Undergraduate Medical Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Dawadi, Pravakar; Khadka, Sabina; Maharjan, Swojay; Baniya, Aashish; Khadka, Sulochana; Thapa, Sajina; Deo, RajeebAbstract Introduction: Internet addiction denotes the compulsive use of the internet which affects physical, mental, social, psychological and academic aspects of life of an individual. Very few studies among medical students in regard to internet addiction have been conducted. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of internet addiction among undergraduate medical students of a medical college. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a medical college from September to December, 2021 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Registration number: 442). The study was conducted among 229 medical students using convenience sampling technique. Internet addiction test questionnaire was used for collecting data. Data were entered in Google Spreadsheet and analysed with Microsoft Excel 2016. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of internet addiction among 229 undergraduate students was found to be 121 (52.84%) (43.95-61.73 at 95% Confidence Interval). Out of them, mild and moderate internet addiction accounted for 90 (74.38%) and 31 (25.62%) respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of internet addiction in this study was higher in comparison to the other studies conducted in similar settings.