Browsing by Author "Mahotra, NB"
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Publication Colour vision deficiency in Nepalese Medical and Nursing Students of different ethnicity(Institute of Medicine, 2017) Mahotra, NB; Shrestha, LAbstract Introduction: Colour vision deficiency is a common but unnoticed condition. Medical students must be aware of their congenital colour vision deficiency and its effects on their work, so that color vision deficient student may not choose the discipline such as pathology and radiology, where colour vision is very important. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Clinical Physiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu from February 2013 to January 2016. Total of 556 medical and nursing students selected by convenient sampling, underwent color vision evaluation by using Ishihara chart. Results: Out of 302 male students, 20 (6.6%) were color vision deficient. Similarly, out of 254 female students, two (0.8%) were colour vision deficient. Among the male students, two (10%) were total colour blind, eight (40%) were suffering from deuteranomaly and 10 (50%) were suffering from deuteranopia. Colour vision deficiencies were observed more in Chhetri (9.5%), followed by Brahmin (7.1%) and Madhesi ethnicity (6.9%). Conclusion: The prevalence of colour vision deficiency in Nepalese medical students is significant. Therefore, they should be screened for colour vision deficiency, so that the students with colour vision defect can choose appropriate discipline as their future carrier where colour vision defect may not affect their work. Key words: colour vision deficiency, Ishihara chart, ethnicityPublication Impact of Adolescent’s Obesity in Cardiac Function: An Association of Cardiac Structural and Metabolic Risk Factors with Physical Fitness(Kathmandu University, 2023) Yadav, RL; Yadav, LK; Mahotra, NB; Sharma, DABSTRACT Background Elderly obese results metabolic, cardiac structural and functional derangements. However, such alterations including physical fitness in early age obesity are still controversial. Objective To evaluate physical fitness, cardiac structural, functional and metabolic remodeling and their association with obesity markers in adolescents. Method This cross-sectional comparative study included 90 adolescents with median age -14(2) years were grouped into Normal weight (NW) and Overweight/Obese (OW/OB) based on the BMI percentile for age and sex. International Diabetes Federation criteria for adolescents selected for lipid profiles, fasting sugar, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Echocardiographic standard 2-dimensional measurements for cardiac structures, percent ejection fraction (EF%) were performed with standard procedure. Physical fitness index (PFI) was graded using the modified Harvard step test. The data compared with Mann Whitney U test and Spearman’s Rank correlation test used to find association among study variables. Result Compared to normal weight adolescents, overweight/obese individuals exhibited significantly higher cardiac function parameters, including heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Within the realm of cardio-metabolic parameters, it was observed that individuals exhibited diminished levels of high-density lipoproteins and elevated levels of low-density lipoproteins. Notably, these individuals manifested cardiac structural remodeling characterized by augmented left atrial wall and aortal base thickness, and increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, concomitant with a markedly decreased percentage of left ventricular ejection fraction. Cardiac structural and functional parameters revealed adverse correlation with obesity markers. Conclusion The onset of obesity in early age has been ascertained to exert profound ramifications, encompassing not solely metabolic and biochemical parameters, but also extending to the structural integrity of the cardiovascular system. These outcomes synergistically contribute to a notable attenuation in overall physical fitness. KEY WORDS Adolescent’s obesity, Body mass index percentile, Cardiac structure, Lipid profile, Physical fitnessPublication Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in mothers attending child immunization clinic of a Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu(Institute of Medicine, 2018) Khakurel, G; Chalise, P; Karki, PK; Mahotra, NBAbstract Introduction: Postpartum depression is a major health problem in developing countries like Nepal. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in Nepalese women. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital during the month of January-May 2018. A total number of 162 women in 4 to 14 weeks postpartum period were included in the study. A questionnaire with sociodemographic, obstretic and psychosocial variable as well as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used for data collection. Chi square test was used to determine the association of postpartum depression with different variables. Results: The prevalence of postpartum depression (defined as Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ≥12) was found to be 22.2 %. There was a statistically significant association of postpartum depression with nuclear family, low family income, cesarean section delivery, history of miscarriage, pregnancy complications and exposure to domestic violence. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of postpartum depression among women in our settings. It is important to educate the women and their family about the outcomes of postpartum depression. Keywords: Nepal, Postpartum depressionPublication Prolonged QT dispersion in Subclinical Hypothyroid Females: A Study in University Teaching Hospital in Central Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2019) Kandel, S; Rana, BSJB; Prasad, PN; Mahotra, NB; Shrestha, TMABSTRACT Background QT dispersion is a simple index derived from 12 lead ECG; its prolongation has been shown to be associated with increased arrhythmia risk. Increased cardiovascular risks, particularly occurrence of the malignant arrhythmias are a common finding in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. This increased arrhythmia risk is found to be higher mainly in patients with TSH level more than 10 milli international unit per liter. Objective To assess QT dispersion among subclinical hypothyroid and euthyroid Nepalese females aged 20-59 years attending general practice out patient department of centrally located University Teaching Hospital from November 2016 to April 2017. Method Forty-three newly detected subclinical hypothyroid females and forty-one euthyroid females were enrolled. Resting electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed. QT dispersion was analyzed from ECG and corrected for heart rate using Framingham correction formula. Independent sample t-test was applied to compare mean QT dispersion between two groups. Pearson correlation test was used to examine the association between QT dispersion and TSH level. Result Mean QT dispersion for sub-clinical hypothyroid group was 75.35 ± 43.82 whereas mean QT dispersion for euthyroid group was 59.51 ± 22.13, with p value 0.041. A weak association between QT dispersion and TSH level was seen with correlation factor of 0.23. Conclusion The result showed prolongation of QT dispersion in sub-clinical hypothyroid group and weak positive correlation between TSH level and QT dispersion suggesting arrhythmia risk in subclinical hypothyroid females. KEY WORDS Arrhythmia risk, QT dispersion, Sub-clinical hypothyroidismPublication The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Medical and Nursing Students of Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu(Institute of Medicine, 2018) Mahotra, NB; Shrestha, L; Pradhan, S; Bajimaya, M; Malla, N; Aryal, V; Bhat, NAbstract Introduction:Obesity has become one of the important global public health issues. It is significantly associated with the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease. Body Mass Index (BMI) assesses overweight and obesity based on statistical criteria. Methods:A cross-sectionaldescriptive study was carried out in young male medical and female nursing students in the department of Clinical Physiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu from January 2019 to March 2019. Subjects were selected by convenient sampling and BMI was calculated in 116 medical and nursing students. Results:Out of 60 male medical students, 7(11.7%) were underweight, 48 (80%) were normal weight and 5(8.3%) were overweight. Similarly, out of 56 female nursing students, 1(1.8%) was underweight, 46(82.1%) were normal weight, 7(12.5%) were overweight and 2(3.6%) were obese. Conclusion:The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide in all age groups. Young Nepalese people are also affected and are at risk of developing non-communicable diseases. Adaptation of healthy life styles and healthy diets could prevent overweight and obesity. Key words: Body Mass Index (BMI), Obesity, overweightPublication The Postural Effects on Electrical Activities of Heart in Apparently Healthy Young Adults(Kathmandu University, 2021) Chaudhary, S; Ranamagar, R; Shrestha, L; Pun, DB; Karmacharya, P; Mahotra, NBABSTRACT Background The electrical activities of heart recorded as electrocardiogram (ECG) are mostly done in supine postures. The body postural changes have effects in these electrical activities in heart which needs to be properly recognized. Objective To find the variations in electrocardiogram during postural changes from supine to upright i.e. sitting and standing postures among apparently healthy young adults. Method A cross sectional study was carried out in Manipal College of Medical Sciences after the institutional ethical clearance. The apparently healthy 30 Nepalese male medical students between 18-25 years of age were enrolled. The electrocardiography was elicited in supine, sitting and standing postures in the participants after 5 minutes’ interval between each procedure in each participant. Result The highest mean amplitudes of Q wave were seen in sitting postures (0.12±0.04 mm), R wave in standing postures (1.46±0.55 mm) and S wave also in standing postures (0.23±0.2 mm). The mean amplitudes of Q and S waves showed statistically significant difference when compared between supine and upright postures. The maximum QRS duration was found while sitting (0.08±0.01 ms)and maximum heart rate in standing posture (82.43±10.59/min). The mean comparison of heart rate was statistically highly significant when compared between supine and standing postures. The mean QRS frontal axis was comparatively increased while standing (64.30±39.29). Conclusion The electrical activities of heart vary during postural changes among apparently healthy young adults. These changes are most prominent when compared between supine and standing postures which urges for careful interpretation of electrocardiogram if it is done in upright postures. KEY WORDS Electrocardiogram, Heart, Postures