NepMed Repository :: Browsing by Author "Ojha, Neebha"

Browsing by Author "Ojha, Neebha"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7

Clinical and Endometrial Histopathological Profile of Women with Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Bleeding
(Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, 2025) Bhardwaj, Manisha; Bista, Kesang Diki; Ojha, Neebha; Khaniya, Bishal
Abstract: Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women is common and clinically important concern, as it may indicate anything from hormonal imbalance to serious pathologies like endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma . The objective of this study was to assess clinical and endometrial histopathological characteristics in women with perimenopausal and postmenopausal bleeding in TUTH. Methods: This was a descriptive study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu from April 2018 to April 2019. All women > 40 years with abnormal uterine bleeding attending gynecology OPD were taken. Endometrial biopsy was done and histopathological examination findings were studied. Results: Among 328 women, 218 were with perimenopausal bleeding and those with postmenopausal bleeding were 110. The most frequent bleeding in ladies with perimenopausal bleeding was menorrhagia in 93(42.9%) and spotting accounting 68 (71%) in postmenopausal bleeding. Out of total 328 cases, 317(96.6%) had benign endometrial findings and 11 cases (3.4%) had malignant endometrial findings. The most frequent histopathological finding in women with perimenopausal bleeding was secretary endometrium. Among postmenopausal bleeding 110 (91%) were benign and 9( 8.2%) had malignant histopathology. Conclusion: The most frequent bleeding pattern in perimenopausal bleeding was menorrhagia and spotting in those with postmenopausal bleeding. Malignant histopathological was found more in postmenopausal bleeding than perimenopausal bleeding.
Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause among Postmenopausal Women in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Authors
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Ojha, Neebha; Bista, Kesang Diki; Bajracharya, Sunita; Katuwal, Neeta
Abstract: Introduction: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause incorporates vulvovaginal and lower urinary tract symptoms related to estrogen deficiency which affects more than half of postmenopausal women. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of genitourinary syndrome of menopause among postmenopausal women attending a tertiary care center. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of tertiary care hospital from October 2019 to April 2021 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 452 6-11). A convenience sampling method was used among postmenopausal women aged 40-75 years attending gynaecology outpatient departments. The information was obtained by interview and examination. Analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among the 385 postmenopausal women, 285 (74.02%) (69.63-78.40 at 95% Confidence Interval) had a diagnosis of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. The mean age of menopause was 48.2±3.6years. The most common symptom and sign were vaginal dryness in 223 (78.2%) and decreased moisture 200 (70.2%). Regarding the impact of genitourinary syndrome of menopause on quality of life, it least affected the activities of daily living and mostly on sexual functioning. Conclusions: The study showed three-fourth of postmenopausal women suffered from genitourinary syndrome of menopause which is similar to the previous studies done in other countries, in postmenopausal women. Therefore, understanding genitourinary syndrome of menopause is vital, and assuring women those treatments are available to relieve symptoms may improve their quality of life.
Late Stage Cervical Cancer among Confirmed Cervical Cancer Cases in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Ojha, Neebha; Jha, Meena; Shrestha, Eliza; Dangal, Ganesh
Abstract: Introduction: Cervical cancer is the leading gynaecological cancer in Nepal. Most of the time, it is diagnosed in the late stage with its associated morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of late-stage presentation of cervical cancer among confirmed cases of cervical cancer in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre of Nepal from March 2021 to May 2021 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Board (Reference no.805). A convenient sampling method was used. A descriptive analysis was done of all cases of cervical cancer who were diagnosed within the last 36 months and attended hospital during the study period. The information was collected by interview and hospital record was checked. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among the 142 confirmed cervical cancer cases, the prevalence of late-stage presentation of cervical cancer was 93 (65.5%) (57.7-73.3 at 95% Confidence Interval). The mean age at diagnosis was 50.6±10.9 years. More than two-thirds of the women were from outside Kathmandu valley 102 (71.8%) and came from >50km distance. The majority of the women 83 (58.5%) were illiterate. Conclusions: The study showed that two-thirds of the women presented in advanced stage and the factors leading to the late stage. This highlights the fact, that the focus should be on the provision of organized screening programs and early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.
Menopausal Symptoms in Overweight and Obese Middle Aged Women: A Community Based Study
(Institute of Medicine, 2022) Ojha, Neebha; Koirala, Poonam; Shrestha, Srijana
ABSTRACT Introduction: Overweight and obesity is on the rise globally and women with higher body mass index at midlife have been found to suffer more from menopausal symptoms. This study aims to assess the menopausal symptoms in overweight and obese middle aged women using menopause rating scale (MRS) in the community setting. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Gokarneswore Municipality in Kathmandu district, from June to December, 2021. Women in the age group of 40-60 years were interviewed regarding the frequency and severity of menopausal symptoms using MRS. The collected data were entered and analyzed in SPSS 25. Results: Among the 378 women, 156 (41.3%) were premenopausal, 104 (27.5%) perimenopausal and 118 (31.2%) were postmenopausal women; and 176 (46.6%) were overweight and 87(23.0%) were obese. Overall, 38-68% suffered from different menopausal symptoms. Most of the menopausal symptoms were not significantly different among normal, overweight and obese middle aged women. Urinary symptom was more frequent in obese premenopausal, however the urogenital symptoms were significantly more in normal weight postmenopausal women (p <0.05). The mean MRS score was similar among normal, overweight and obese women, however according to the menopausal status the mean score was significantly higher among perimenopausal and post menopausal women (p <0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that among the middle aged women almost half were overweight and one-fourth was obese. Menopausal symptoms were similarly distributed in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in overweight and obese middle aged women. It is important to assess the obesity and menopausal symptoms, which can be specifically targeted for treatment. Keywords: Menopausal symptoms, middle aged women, obese, overweight
Spectrum of Obstetrics Case Referrals
(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Ghimire, Asmita; Shrestha, Reshika; Yadav, Jeshika; Thapaliya, Ishwor; Sapkota, Sangrila; Khatiwoda, Susmita; Ojha, Neebha
Background: Maternal health is an important focus for ensuring the well-being of both mothers and their babies. Maternal and fetal mortality which is a burning issue especially in third world countries can be reduced significantly with right obstetric referral. This study reviewed the primary reasons, time, distance, and pattern of obstetric cases referred to a tertiary center. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted after taking ethical approval {Approval number 136 (6-11) E2} from the review board of Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Nepal, and data of three years from 1st August 2020- 31st September 2023 were analyzed from medical records. The study included all referral cases aged 18-45 years who were past 28 weeks of gestation till 42 days post-delivery. Women who had incomplete medical records were excluded from the study. A continuous convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% confidence interval. Results: Among 174 referred cases, 84 (48.28%) were from the government district-level hospitals with the predominant reason being medical disorders complicating pregnancy 136 (78.17%). The majority of cases 94 (54.02%) were referred during the intrapartum period. Conclusions: Medical disorders complicating pregnancy were the primary cause for the referral in obstetrics cases, notably from district-level hospitals having less manpower to deal with those cases. Keywords: Hospital; maternal mortality; obstetric; pregnancy; referrals.
The Association Between ABO Blood Groups and Adenomyosis
(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Pun, Sunita; Ojha, Neebha; Koirala, Poonam
Background: Several studies have investigated the relationships between female reproductive diseases and ABO blood groups. However, evidence regarding the potential association between ABO blood groups and adenomyosis remains limited. The aim of the study, thus, was to investigate the association between ABO blood groups and the risk of developing adenomyosis in Nepalese women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, from 2016 to 2017. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, 29). Odd ratio with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals, and P-value were calculated and analyzed. A P-value equal or < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 249 with recorded ABO groups were included in this study. Of these, 85 cases (34%) were histologically confirmed to have adenomyosis. The most frequent ABO blood group was B (43%), while the least frequent group was AB (6%). Women with blood group B had a significantly increased risk of developing adenomyosis, with an odds ratio of 2.3 (95% CI: 1.22-4.43, P value = 0.01). Conversely, blood group A was associated with a significantly reduced risk of adenomyosis, with an odds ratio of 0.41 (95% CI: 0.19-0.89, P value= 0.03). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that women with blood group B have a 2.3-fold higher risk of developing adenomyosis, whereas those with blood group A may have a protective effect. Multicenter studies with larger sample sizes and diverse demographics groups are needed to substantiate these findings. Key Words: Adenomyosis; ABO blood group; risk factors.
Trends in Cesarean Delivery at a Tertiary Care Hospital
(Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, 2025) Ojha, Neebha; Khaniya, Bishal; Pun, Sunita; Bhansakarya, Rakina; Ghimire, Asmita; Sharma, Ashish
Abstract: Introduction Cesarean delivery is on the rise globally, and many government bodies and clinicians have expressed concern about the rising rate of cesarean delivery. The study aims to assess the trend in cesarean delivery rate and the type of cesarean delivery at five-year intervals during the study period. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at TU Teaching Hospital by a chart review of cesarean delivery (CD) during the years 2014, 2019, and 2024 AD. Basic data including age, parity, ethnicity, gestational age, and multiple pregnancy was obtained. The collected data were entered and analyzed in SPSS 26. Results The annual CD rate was 39.0 %, 52.7%, and 56.0% among the total livebirth delivery during the years 2014, 2019, and 2024, respectively. The proportion of primary CD increased from 2014 to 2019 but remained static in 2024 (31%, 41%, and 39.4%), however for repeat CD it increased steadily. Mothers undergoing CD in the age ≥35 years increased from 106 (6.1%) in 2014 to 241 (13.5%) in 2024 (8%, 11.7%, and 16.5%). The emergency CD were three times more common than elective CD in all the years interval. The most common indications for the primary and repeat CD werea fetal distress and refused trial of labor respectively. Conclusions This study showed increasing trend in the cesarean delivery rate. Primary CD constituted more than the repeat CD, however the rate of increase was more in the repeat than in the primary CD. It is important to reduce primary CD if we want to decrease the overall CD rate.

Browsing by Author "Ojha, Neebha"

Results Per Page

Sort Options