Browsing by Author "Onta, SR"
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Publication Availability and Use of Oxytocin in Health Facilities in Nepal(Institute of Medicine, 2014) Poudyal, AK; Shrestha, B; Onta, SRAbstract Introduction: Although maternal mortality is declining over the past 15 years, it is still high in Nepal. Postpartum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal deaths in Nepal. Oxytocin is one of the emergency drugs, which prevent and manage postpartum haemeorrhage, listed in essential drug list, and supplied to hospitals and Primary Health Care centers in Nepal. The study aimed to assess availability, storage condition, prescriber’s knowledge and practice of Oxytocin in Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional explorative study was conducted in 40 health facilities of 10districts. Multiple methods–observation, interviews, store records and delivery charts analysis-were used to collect data. The respondents of the study (health facility in-charges, service providers and storekeepers) were interviewed with semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data was entered into MS-Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results: Oxytocin was available throughout the year in 35.5% of health facilities among them only 8.3% of health facilities stored Oxytocin in refrigerator. In-charges, service providers, were not aware of recommended temperature for Oxytocin storage. Similarly, 40.7% of the service providers used Oxytocin for prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage, 31.9% and 27.4% of service providers used Oxytocin for augmentation and induction respectively. Conclusion: In some districts, the medicine was not available throughout the year. Majority of service providers were not aware of recommended indications to induction and augmentation. There should be a serious effort to orient the service providers about rational use of Oxytocin and store to maintain the efficacy of the drug. Keywords: Oxytocin, post-partum hemorrhagePublication Availability and Use of Oxytocin in Health Facilities in Nepal(Institute of Medicine, 2014) Poudyal, AK; Shrestha, B; Onta, SRAbstract Introduction: Although maternal mortality is declining over the past 15 years, it is still high in Nepal. Postpartum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal deaths in Nepal. Oxytocin is one of the emergency drugs, which prevent and manage postpartum haemeorrhage, listed in essential drug list, and supplied to hospitals and Primary Health Care centers in Nepal. The study aimed to assess availability, storage condition, prescriber’s knowledge and practice of Oxytocin in Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional explorative study was conducted in 40 health facilities of 10districts. Multiple methods–observation, interviews, store records and delivery charts analysis-were used to collect data. The respondents of the study (health facility in-charges, service providers and storekeepers) were interviewed with semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data was entered into MS-Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results: Oxytocin was available throughout the year in 35.5% of health facilities among them only 8.3% of health facilities stored Oxytocin in refrigerator. In-charges, service providers, were not aware of recommended temperature for Oxytocin storage. Similarly, 40.7% of the service providers used Oxytocin for prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage, 31.9% and 27.4% of service providers used Oxytocin for augmentation and induction respectively. Conclusion: In some districts, the medicine was not available throughout the year. Majority of service providers were not aware of recommended indications to induction and augmentation. There should be a serious effort to orient the service providers about rational use of Oxytocin and store to maintain the efficacy of the drug. Keywords: Oxytocin, post-partum hemorrhagePublication Risk Factors for Stunting Among Children: A Community Based Case Control Study in Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2012) Paudel, R; Pradhan, B; Wagle, RR,; Pahari, DP; Onta, SRABSTRACT Background Stunting, a chronic condition, is an underlying cause of child morbidity and mortality in Nepal. This study intends to identify the factors causing stunting among children that will help to prioritize the strategies at the district level. Objective The objective of the study was to identify the risk factors for stunting among children of age between 6 to 59 months. Methods The study was based on community-based case control design in the mid-west, Surkhet Nepal from August to September 2010. The cases were stunted children and controls were the children without stunting. Data was collected by interviewing those children’s mothers and measured length/height of 118 children as cases and 236 children as controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the best model of factors leading to stunting. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used as a measure of association. Results Socio-economic risk factors for stunting comprised mothers without earning (OR=3.11, 95% CI 1.26-7.65), food deficit families (OR=4.26, 95% CI 1.73-10.45) and care taker of the children other than mother (OR=3.02, 95% CI 1.19-7.70). Environmental risk factors for stunting consisted of kitchen without ventilation and children exposed to pesticide. Inappropriate exclusive breast feeding (OR=6.90, 95% CI 2.81-16.97), complementary feeding less than four times a day (OR=3.60, 95% CI 1.32-9.95) and dietary diversity below WHO standard (OR=4.06, 95% CI 1.70-9.67) were factors of stunted children. Diarrhea was found significantly associated with stunting (OR=7.46, 95% CI 2.98-18.65). Conclusions Stunting was found to be as a result of multiple factors such as socio-economic, environmental and inappropriate feeding practices. KEY WORDS Children, community, case-control study, risk factors, stuntingPublication What do mothers know about Acute Respiratory Infection: a case from eastern Nepal(Institute of Medicine, 2004) Onta, SR; Yengden, BAbstract: A descriptive study was conducted in Eastern Nepal with an objective to assess the knowledge of mothers about acute respiratory infection (ARI). Two hundred mothers, who had currently at least a child under five, from randomly selected households were interviewed. 50.5% of the mothers correctly knew the signs and symptoms of ARI without pneumonia; 45% had mixed responses. Only 2.5% of the responding mothers reported to have knowledge about danger signs of ARI, 39.5% had wrong answers and 12% did not know about the danger signs of ARI. Regarding knowledge about home care management, 50.5% had correct responses. Both the correct and wrong responses about knowledge of ARI were more or less equally distributed across the educational level, ethnicity and age group of responding mothers. It is concluded that knowledge of mothers about ARI in general is low, particularly very low on danger signs of ARI. This might have led to delayed specific treatment of children with ARI, which could have resulted in various complications including death. Keywords: ARI; danger signs; maternal knowledge.Publication What do mothers know about Acute Respiratory Infection: a case from eastern Nepal(Institute of Medicine, 1999) Onta, SR; Yengden, BAbstract A descriptive study was conducted in Eastern Nepal with an objective to assess the knowledge of mothers about acute respiratory infection (ARI). Two hundred mothers, who had currently at least a child under five, from randomly selected households were interviewed. 50.5% of the mothers correctly knew the signs and symptoms of ARI without pneumonia; 45% had mixed responses. Only 2.5% of the responding mothers reported to have knowledge about danger signs of ARI, 39.5% had wrong answers and 12% did not know about the danger signs of ARI. Regarding knowledge about home care management, 50.5% had correct responses. Both the correct and wrong responses about knowledge of ARI were more or less equally distributed across the educational level, ethnicity and age group of responding mothers. It is concluded that knowledge of mothers about ARI in general is low, particularly very low on danger signs of ARI. This might have led to delayed specific treatment of children with ARI, which could have resulted in various complications including death. Keywords: ARI, danger signs, maternal knowledge.