Browsing by Author "Pachya, Ambika Thapa"
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Publication Job Satisfaction and Its Determinants among School Nurses(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Tuitui, Roshani Laxmi; Rai, Bala; Pachya, Ambika Thapa; Pokharel, KritagyaBackground: School nurses play a crucial role in promoting health and well-being among students. In Nepal, the school nursing program in public school started since five years and there is a need for a study on their job satisfaction. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the job satisfaction and its determinants among school nurses in Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1011 school nurses working in public schools from all provinces in Nepal. The study utilized Paula L. Stamp’s modified Index of Work Satisfaction, assessing six domains: pay, autonomy, task requirements, organizational policy, professional status, and interaction. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed electronically; bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to find out determinants. Results: All school nurses were approached, but only 545 (53.9%) participated. Among them 51.7% expressed overall job satisfaction. Among the six domains, the highest job satisfaction was observed in the professional status (85.3%), interaction (72.8%), and task (61.8%) component while the lowest was in the pay (3.7%) component. Logistic regression revealed the significant determinants were working solely as school nurse (0.001), bachelor and above academic qualification (0.031) and family type p= absent in bot “working solely as school nurse (0.001), bachelor and above academic qualification (0.031). Conclusions: School nurses with minimum bachelor degree, has better job satisfactions. Similarly, the program implementer needs attention to enhance pay for school nurses and allow autonomy in workplace to increase job satisfaction. Keywords: Job satisfaction; Nepal; school nurses; school nurse programPublication Perception towards Online Teaching-learning in Medical Education among Medical Students during COVID-19 Outbreak in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Singh, Rakesh; Subedi, Madhusudan; Pant, Smriti; Rai, Pragya; Gupta, Krishna Kumar; Pachya, Ambika Thapa; Singh, Kaushal Kumar; Khan, Abdul Sami; Adhikari, Kishor; Sharma, Shanta; Shah, Sanjeev; Singh, BabitaAbstract: Introduction: The outbreak of coronavirus disease in Nepal led medical colleges to suspend in person teaching-learning activities and ultimately online platform was introduced to deliver the contents of medical education. The objective of this study was to describe the perception of medical students towards online teaching-learning introduced during the COVID-19 outbreak in Nepal. Methods: An online survey using a descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out among 515 undergraduate medical students currently enrolled in medical colleges in Nepal. Ethical approval was sought from Nepal Health Research Council to conduct this study, and digital informed consent was taken from study respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire in Google form was utilized to collect data. The link of the Google form was sent to the potential respondents through email and social media. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyze data in Stastical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Results: The overall score of perception of online teaching-learning was 17.61±7.19, which indicated many problems in this method of teaching-learning. The mean score of perception of online teaching-learning was found to be different across sex, location of enrolled medical colleges, having a personal electronic device, having an internet connection at residence, having separate room/space for attending online classes, and self-rated computer skills. Moreover, only 28 (5.4%) of respondents had perceived online teaching-learning as a better method of delivering content of medical curricula. Conclusions: Surveyed medical students in Nepal were found to perceive many problems in online teaching-learning. Moreover, management and faculty members need to take the necessary measures for enhancing the online teaching-learning quality.Publication Resistant Uropathogens in Gulmi Hospital: High Time to Take Action(Institute of Medicine, 2022) Shrestha, Reena; Pachya, Uttam; Thapa, Tulsi R; Pachya, Ambika ThapaABSTRACT Introduction: Recent study in Nepal showed 29.5% culture positive cases of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). Extensive consumption of broad-spectrum antibiotics leading to increased AMR rates amongst uropathogens. This study has been carried out to determine the proportion and types of uropathogens causing infections and their antibiotics susceptibility pattern based on WHO classification of antibiotics- access, watch and reserve ('AWaRe') categories. Methods: Record review of the urine isolates with antibiotic susceptibility testing reported from Laboratory of Gulmi Hospital from April 2019 to April 2021. Ethics approval was obtained from Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC). Calculation of frequencies and proportions and cross-tabulation was done. Results: Bacterial yield was found in more than one-third of the total 315 samples. Majorities (84.48%) of them were gram negative bacteria. More than three-fourth of the urine isolates were of female. Urinary isolates showed variable resistance to the 'access' and 'watch' group of antibiotics. There was high resistance to the conveniently prescribed antibiotics like cefixime, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, for UTIs. Among tested urine isolates, 75.7% were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: The yield of urine culture was 36.83% in our study with higher proportions in female. The resistance was high for conveniently prescribed antibiotics. Sensitive antibiotics like Nitrofurantoin were incorporated in the empirical therapy for UTI in this hospital after the study. It is an awakening call to implement measures to strengthen antimicrobial surveillance with inclusion of the peripheral hospitals to the reporting by capacitating them for quality reporting of the antibiograms. Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, AWaRe category, peripheral level hospital, urinary tract infections, urine culture