Browsing by Author "Pandey, Ashok"
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Publication Child Marriage: Knowledge, Factors, Consequences and Utilization of Maternal Services among Early Married Women(Nepal Health Research Council, 2023) Magar, Esther Budha; Gupta, Mala; Parajuli, Ashya; Chaudhary, Ranjana; Pandey, Ashok; Bhattarai, SumeshAbstract Background: In 2020, UNFPA estimated additional 13 million child marriage cases in Nepal after a decade of lockdown due to COVID-19 wherein 2020, the data of child marriage before the age of 18 reached 5 million where marriage done before the age of 15 years was 1.3 million as per UNICEF. In Nepal, the legal age for marriage is 20 years. As per the National Criminal Code 2074, article 173 (1,2 and 3), one is imprisoned for three years with a penalty of Rs. 30,000, if found to violate the law: marrying before reaching the legal age. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. The sampling design used for the study was simple random sampling. Out of 9 municipalities in Sindhuli district, Dudhauli municipality was selected by using lottery method. 8 wards out of 14 wards in Dudhauli municipality were selected by using purposive sampling. 160 participants were early married women within the age of 15 to 24 years. Three key stakeholders were selected for Key Informant Interview from the local government level worker, non-Governmental organizations working within the municipality, and Dudhauli Health Post. One focused group discussion was conducted with 6 early married women. All the collected data were analyzed through simple descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and inferential statics by using chi-square. For a qualitative study, the information collected from the key stakeholders was documented in narrative form. Results: Seven out of 126 women suffered from miscarriage during their second delivery. There is a significant association between the age of marriage and the number of children (P-value 0.0520) and birth time after marriage (P-value 0.019). The majority, 32.6 percent believes that child marriage can be prevented by children’s counseling Conclusions: Only 1.6 percent of early married women faced complications during delivery. Majority of physically active women engaged in agriculture sector (97.5%) did not face any difficulty during delivery. None of the early married women have ever suffered from obstetric fistula despite of early delivery. Keywords: Cause; child marriage; consequence; knowledge; NepalPublication Nutritional Status in 6-59 months Children and its Association with Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practice in Panchapuri Municipality, Surkhet, Karnali Province, Nepal(Central Department of Public Health, 2025) Singh, Anil Kumar; Acharya, Shambhu Prasad; Pandey, AshokBackground: Childhood malnutrition is a critical public health concern in Nepal. The Karnali province is reported to have poor water, sanitation, and hygiene behavior. This study aimed to examine the association between safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practice and nutritional status of children of Panchapuri municipality Surkhet, Karnali Province, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted among 6 to 59-month-old children in Panchapuri municipality Surkhet, Karnali Province, Nepal from July15,2020. to 1st August,2020 This study included168 households selected by using cluster random sampling and respondents were selected by using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire from the parents, and observation checklist. The weights and heights of children were taken using a Seca digital weighing scale and a wooden height board respectively. Anthropometric analysis was done using WHO Anthro version 3.2.2 software and other statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 software. Results: Among 168 children the prevalence of wasting, stunting, and underweight is 4.8%, 12.5%, and 6% respectively. Most of the households (81.5%) had safe sources of drinking water whereas 18.5% of households were found to use unsafe sources of drinking water. The majority of households (62.5%) didn't use any methods of water purification before drinking or using the water for cooking purposes. All the households (100%) had toilets but 90% of households used improved types of toilets. Solid waste from about 80% of households was managed by burning whereas 6.5% of households threw the waste in an open place. Half of the total households managed the liquid waste in kitchen gardens whereas about 39% of households drained the liquid waste in rivers and streams and only about 11% of households drained wastewater in open places. Conclusion: Findings from this study finds out the importance of good WASH practices, and the potential of WASH interventions, to contribute to the better improvement in the nutritional status of the children living in Panchapuri municipality Surkhet.