Browsing by Author "Pandit, R"
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Publication A Comparative Study of Rapid SARS-Cov-2 Antigen Detection Assay against RT-PCR Assay for Diagnosis of COVID-19 in a Tertiary Hospital of Kathmandu(Kathmandu University, 2022) Chaudhary, R; Bhatta, S; Singh, A; Pradhan, M; Moktan, B; Duwal, S; Pandit, RABSTRACT Background The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide since its first recorded case in the city of Wuhan, China, in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes asymptomatic to sever pneumonia. Severe cases may develop acute respiratory disease symdrome (ARDS), with an average mortality rate of 6.9%. Real Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) assay is the current reference standard laboratory method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it takes around 6-8 hours to get the result and is time consuming. Therefore, rapid and accurate tests for SARS-CoV-2 screening are essential to expedite disease prevention and control. Lateral flow immunoassay using monoclonal anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies which target for SARS-CoV-2 antigen can be complimentary screening test if their accuracy were comparable to that of the real time reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Objective To find the sensitivity and specificity of a rapid antigentest kit in comparison to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Method A cross-sectional hospital based study was carried out at Shree Birendra Army Hospital, Kathmandu for a period of four months. Result Our finding shows sensitivity and specificity of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) Ag kit as 60.6% and 96.4% respectively. Positive and negative predictive value was 83.7% and 89.0%. Likewise, positive and negative likelihood ratio was 17.0 and 0.4. The overall accuracy of the antigen kit was 88.1% in comparison to reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as the gold standard. Conclusion Our study concluded the use of rapid antigen kit is mainly useful for screening purposes. KEY WORDS RDT Ag Kit, RT-PCR, SARS-CoV-2Publication Needs Assessment of Leadership and Governance in Cardiovascular Health in Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2021) Pradhan, PMS; Bhatt, RD; Pandit, R; Shrestha, A; Maharjan, R; Jha, N; Bajracharya, S; Shrestha, S; Koju, RP; Karmacharya, BMABSTRACT Background Good governance and leadership are essential to improve healthy life expectancy particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to epitomize the challenges and opportunities for leadership and good governance for the health system to address non-communicable diseases particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Nepal. Objective The objective of this study was to understand and document CVD programs and policy formulation processes and to identify the government capacity to engage stakeholders for planning and implementation purposes. Method A national-level task force was formed to coordinate and steer the overall need assessment process. A qualitative study design was adopted using “The Health System Assessment Approach”. Eighteen indicators under six topical areas in leadership and governance in cardiovascular health were assessed using desk review and key informant interviews. Result Voice and accountability exist in planning for health from the local level. The government has shown a strong willingness and has a strategy to work together with the private and non-government sectors in health however, the coordination has not been effective. There are strong rules in place for regulatory quality, control of corruption, and maintaining financial transparency. The government frequently relies on evidence generated from large-scale surveys for health policy formulation and planning but research in cardiovascular health has been minimum. There is a scarcity of cardiovascular disease-specific protocols. Conclusion Despite plenty of opportunities, much homework is needed to improve leadership and governance in cardiovascular health in Nepal. The government needs to designate a workforce for specific programs to help monitor the enforcement of health sector regulations, allocate enough funding to encourage CVD research, and work towards developing CVD-specific guidelines, protocols, and capacity building. KEY WORDS Cardiovascular diseases, Governance, Leadership, Needs assessment, NepalPublication Radiographic Anatomy of the Neck-Shaft Angle of Femur in Nepalese People: Correlation with its Clinical Implication(Kathmandu University, 2018) Shrestha, R; Gupta, HK; Hamal, RR; Pandit, RABSTRACT Background Neck-shaft angle (NSA) is one of the prominent features in the proximal femur which is an important determinant of fracture of femoral neck. Present study evaluating the value of neck-shaft angle has relied heavily on radiographs. As knowledge of neck-shaft angle is important to orthopaedic surgeons, there is need to elucidate whether there is significant variation of this angle among the two different genders and various age groups of both right and left femora of Nepalese population. Objective To ascertain the value of neck-shaft angle in the Nepalese population by means of a radiographic study and to correlate the values with regard to right neck-shaft angle/ left neck-shaft angle side (RNSA/LNSA), gender and three different age group. Method Normal pelvic radiographs of 148 patients seen at department of orthopedic and radiology, College of Medical Sciences- Teaching Hospital (COMS-TH), Bharatpur, Chitwan from the month of February 2017 to June 2017 were divided into two different gender and three different age groups (21-40 years, 41-60 years and Above 60 years) and their neck-shaft angle of both right and left sides were recorded. Result The average of RNSA and LNSA were found to be 132.96±6.05° and 131.54±13.66° respectively for male and 134±6.57° and 132.98±6.23° respectively for female. In total the average RNSA and LNSA were 133.51±6.32° and 132.26±10.61° respectively. Similarly, the average RNSA and LNSA for three different age groups (21-40 years, 41-60 years and Above 60 years) were found to be 133.76±6.44°, 133.69±6.36° and 132.50±6.06° and the 133.35±6.29°, 132.47±5.85° and 128.84±21.98° respectively. Conclusion The average neck-shaft angle recorded here shows no significant difference in both RNSA and LNSA in males except for a small and significant difference in LNSA in female of three different age groups. KEY WORDS Left neck-shaft angle, Neck-shaft angle, Pelvic radiographs, Proximal femur, Right neck-shaft angle