Browsing by Author "Pathak, Samyam Bickram"
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Publication Antibiotics Use in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Thapa, Bibechan; Pathak, Samyam Bickram; Jha, Nisha; Sijapati, Milesh Jung; Shankar, Pathiyil RaviAbstract Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health problem. The widespread and improper antibiotics use is the leading cause of antimicrobial resistance. Bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 patients is the basis for the use of antibiotics in the management of COVID-19. COVID-19 pandemic has seriously impacted antibiotic stewardship and increased the global usage of antibiotics, worsening the antimicrobial resistance problem. The use of antibiotics among COVID-19 patients is high but there are limited studies in the context of Nepal. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of antibiotic use among hospitalised COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on hospitalised COVID-19 patients from April 2021 to June 2021 in a tertiary care centre. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 2078/79/05). The hospital data were collected in the proforma by reviewing the patient’s medical records during the study period of 2 months. Convenience sampling was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 106 hospitalised COVID-19 patients, the prevalence of antibiotic use was 104 (98.11%) (95.52-100, 95% Confidence Interval). About 74 (71.15%) of patients received multiple antibiotics. The most common classes of antibiotics used were cephalosporins, seen in 85 (81.73%) and macrolides, seen in 57 (54.81%) patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of antibiotic use among hospitalised COVID-19 patients was found to be higher when compared to other studies conducted in similar settings.Publication Ocular Trauma among Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Centre(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Basnet, Anjila; Dhakal, Grish; Ghising, Kiran; Pathak, Samyam Bickram; Shrestha, TrishnaAbstract Introduction: Ocular trauma is an important cause of blindness and ocular morbidity worldwide. Knowledge of the cause of eye injuries can guide preventive strategies and optimize management capacity. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of ocular trauma among patients visiting the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with ocular trauma from 10 January 2023 to 5 July 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 4,959 patients, 107 (2.16%) (1.76-2.56, 95% Confidence Interval) had ocular trauma. Among them, 24 (22.43%) had occular trauma due to fall injuries. Ocular trauma was observed in 82 (76.64%) males and the common agent was blunt objects seen in 56 (52.34%). Conclusions: The prevalence of ocular trauma among patients was lower than in other studies done in similar settings.