Browsing by Author "Pokharel, Monika"
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Publication Computerized Tomography-Based Volumetric Analysis Of The Maxillary, Sphenoid, And Frontal Sinuses: An Observational Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2025) Dhakal, Ashish; Shrestha, Bikash Lal; Pokharel, Monika; Shrestha, Samip; Karki, Subindra; Shrestha, Krishna SundarAbstract Introduction: Volumetric analysis of the paranasal sinuses can help evaluate disease extent, treatment, and sinus surgery outcome. This study aims to determine the baseline volumes of frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center after obtaining ethical approval (Reference number: 264/2021). Computerized Tomography Scan head or Computerized Tomography Scan nose/Paranasal sinus images of patients across all age groups from January to December 2022 were analyzed. Sinus volumes were calculated using Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine software. Results: The study included 154 patients, median age was 29 years (IQR: 22.75 - 39.25) and 84 (54.5%) were male. The median volume of the maxillary sinus was 14.30 cm³ (IQR: 10.76 - 18.02), with the right side at 13.82 cm³ (IQR: 10.34 - 17.39) and the left at 14.62 cm³ (IQR:11.11 - 18.75). The median volume of the sphenoid sinus was 4.52 cm³ (IQR:3.02 - 6.03), with the right side at 4.42 cm³ (IQR: 2.61 - 6.84) and the left at 3.95 cm³ (IQR: 2.16 - 6.47). The median volume of the frontal sinus was 2.59 cm³ (IQR:1.42 - 4.59), with the right side at 2.27 cm³ (IQR:0.94 - 4.12) and the left at 3.04 cm³ (IQR:1.22 - 5.04). Conclusions: Male population had larger volumes across all types. The maxillary and frontal sinuses had the largest and smallest volumes respectively.Publication Non-neoplastic Lesions among Lateral Neck Mass Specimens in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Dhakal, Rachana; Makaju, Ramesh; Pokharel, Monika; Basnet, Dipika; Bhandari, Mukta SinghAbstract: Introduction: Lateral neck masses present clinically as neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions of lymph nodes, salivary glands, and thyroid. Non-neoplastic lesions, if evaluated timely, may not transform into malignancy thus reducing clinical burden. A cytomorphological study using fine needle aspiration is a reliable method for the diagnosis of such masses. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of non-neoplastic lesions of lateral neck mass specimens received in the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care center. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pathology among lateral neck mass specimens of a tertiary care center from January 2019 to December 2020 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference no: 155/19). A convenience sampling method was used and data analysis was done in Microsoft Excel 2019. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 300 lateral neck mass specimens, non-neoplastic lesions were found in 246 (82%) (77.7-86.3 at 95% Confidence Interval). The involvement of lymph nodes in 117 (47.6%) was the most common finding followed by thyroid 112 (45.5%). Among non-neoplastic lesions, the cytomorphological features of benign nodular goiter 93 (37.8%) was the most common lesion followed by reactive lymphoid hyperplasia 73 (29.7%). Conclusions: The study showed that the prevalence of non-neoplastic lesions was similar to that of other national and international studies.