Browsing by Author "Pokhrel, Nayanum"
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Publication Assessment of Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Blood Culture in Tertiary Level Paediatric Hospital of Nepal(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2023) Shrestha, Anil Kumar; Sharma, Nisha; Bhattrai, Pratiksha; Pokhrel, Nayanum; Bajracharya, Sohani; Sah, Umesh Prasad; Paudel, PrajwalAbstract: Introduction: Bloodstream infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality which requires antibiotic treatment. Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging serious public health threat in both developed and developing countries. Children are more susceptible to infections requiring an appropriate choice of antibiotic based on blood culture. This study aims to investigate the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of blood culture isolates and compare the yield of bacterial growth between Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB) or BD BACTEC culture media. Methods: A total of 12,795 blood samples were sent for bacteriological culture either for BHIB or BACTEC techniques, 10994 and 1801 samples respectively. Chi-square test was used for showing association between BACTEC and BHIB among isolates. Results: The findings showed that the BACTEC method detected more positive isolates than the BHIB method. The rate of isolation was found highest among children under five years. The most common pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus species (28.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (25.6%), Acinetobacter species (12%), Pseudomonas species (8.2%), Klebsiella species (6.6%), CONS (4.4%), Escherichia coli (4.4%), Salmonella Typhi (3.5%), Enterobacter species (3.2%) and Streptococcus species (0.3%). Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest isolate identified in the current study. BACTEC culture method detected the higher percentage of isolates than BHIB method.Publication Co-infection of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli among COVID-19 Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Basnet, Ajaya; Chand, Arun Bahadur; Shrestha, Lok Bahadur; Pokhrel, Nayanum; Karki, Lochan; Shrestha, Sailendra Kumar Duwal; Tamang, Basanta; Shrestha, Mahendra Raj; Dulal, Maina; Rai, Junu RichhinbungAbstract: Introduction: Simultaneous infection of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens in patients with COVID-19 has necessitated the revision of the prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the grounds of evidence-based studies and antimicrobial stewardship principles. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli co-infection among hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients of a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in urinary tract infection suspected COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, from 25th June to 24th December 2021 after ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee with registration number 207707860. Convenience sampling was used. Serum procalcitonin levels were also measured. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 17.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data, and mean and standard deviation for continuous data. Results: Among the 49 hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients, 3 (6.12%) (0.59-12.83 at 95% Confidence Interval) were co-infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Absolute non-susceptibility of Escherichia coli to antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and ampicillin was observed. All isolates were multidrug-resistant. All co-infected patients were female and had a median age of 35 years. Mean±SD value for procalcitonin in patients with co-infection (6.13±7.88 ng/ml) was six times higher than for the patients without co-infection (0.95±1.11 ng/ml). Conclusions: Escherichia coli co-infection in hospitalised COVID-19 patients was less frequent as compared to published literature. The serum procalcitonin value in patients with co-infection was substantially higher than that of patients without co-infection.