Browsing by Author "Poudel, B"
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Publication In response to the article entitled “Prevalence of different types of gallstone in the patients with cholelithiasis at Kathmandu Medical College” by Pradhan SB, Joshi MR and Vaidya A published in KUMJ 2009 Vol 7, No. 3, Issue 25, 268-71(Kathmandu University, 2009) Shrestha, R; Gyawali, P; Poudel, B; Sigdel, M; Khanal, MNAPublication Prevalence of Fibularis Tertius: Insights from a Surface Anatomical Study(Kathmandu University, 2025) Shrestha, S; Mansur, DI; Shrestha, P; Maskey, S; Shrestha, M; Kunwar, A; Poudel, B; Dahal, P; Gautam, BABSTRACT Background The fibularis tertius muscle, a variant muscle in the crural compartment of the leg, is thought to have evolved in humans in response to the development of bipedalism. Acting as both an ankle dorsiflexor and foot everter, it plays a crucial role in enabling efficient terrestrial locomotion, especially in mid-foot biomechanical stabilization. The origin and insertion of this muscle have been reported to exhibit significant variation. Objective The aim is to determine the prevalence of this muscle by conducting a surface anatomical examination of the foot among pre-clinical sciences students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences. Method Each participant’s fibularis tertius muscle (FTM) was assessed on both feet using a standardized surface palpation technique based on protocols that Tixa and Kendall had validated. To ensure accuracy, each foot was subjected to two separate evaluations by qualified evaluators that lasted 120 seconds each. During dorsiflexion and eversion, muscles were identified using sequential palpation techniques. Visibility was categorized into three graded responses (G1–G3) according to muscle activation. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. While the Chi-square test evaluated sex-based associations, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05, descriptive statistics summarized prevalence. Result A total of 226 students (54.42% males, 45.58% females; mean age 20.8 ± 1.88 years) participated in the study. The fibularis tertius muscle had a prevalence of 95.58%, with a similar gender distribution. It was bilateral in 187 participants and unilateral in 29, mostly on the right foot. Multivariable logistic regression revealed no significant association between fibularis tertius presence and body mass index, with both crude and adjusted odds ratios (0.83 and 0.89, respectively) and p-values exceeding 0.05. Conclusion The fibularis tertius muscle is essential for ankle stability, reducing injury risk and aiding recovery during high-impact activities. Its absence increases instability and recurrent sprains. Understanding the anatomy of fibularis tertius muscle is crucial for surgical planning, tendon repair, and rehabilitation, influencing diagnosis, treatment, and injury prevention. KEY WORDS Anatomy, Bilateral traits, Fibularis tertius, Muscle anatomy, Prevalence, Unilateral traitsPublication Prevalence of Refractive Error and Spectacle Compliance in Children of Tokha Municipality(Kathmandu University, 2024) Kaiti, R; Shyangbo, R; Singh, S; Pandey, C; Shah, P; Bogati, B; Poudel, B; Mishra, AABSTRACT Background Refractive error is considered as an important component of the priority disease “childhood blindness” within the Vision 2020’ initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness. The large majority of vision impairment in school aged children is due to uncorrected refractive error. Hence, refractive errors are considered as a public health challenge. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of refractive error and spectacle compliance among children in Tokha municipality, Kathmandu. Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of refractive error and spectacle compliance among children from Tokha municipality, Kathmandu. Method A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted by enrolling 1366 children from Tokha municipality from 1st to 3rd week of April 2022 after obtaining the Institutional Review Board (Reference number:60/2079/80). Assent was taken from all children and informed consent was signed by the legal guardians of the children. All the samples underwent a comprehensive ocular history taking, visual acuity and refraction and ocular health assessments. The inclusion criteria was school going children within age group 5-16 years. Result Out of a total of 1366 samples, 10.91% (149) of the school children were identified to have refractive error. The primary type of refractive error observed was compound myopic astigmatism, which accounted for 52.3% (78) of the cases. A spectacle compliance rate of 72.15% was found. Conclusion Refractive error prevalence in this study is consistent with findings from other part of Nepal. The most common type of refractive error was compound myopic astigmatism. The frequency of refractive errors was notably higher among individuals who frequently use electronic devices, attend private schools, and reside in densely populated areas. It is recommended to organize regular community eye camps and conduct vision screenings to identify and promptly address refractive errors in children. KEY WORDS Ametropia, Prevalence, Refractive error, Visual impairment, Vision screening