Browsing by Author "Pradhan, SK"
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Publication Hematological parameters of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi culture positive patients from Kathmandu Valley, Nepal(Institute of Medicine, 2015) Rana, B SJB; Pradhan, SKAbstract Introduction: Salmonella enterica causes febrile illnesses leading to changes in hematological parameters. Developing countries like Nepal remain an endemic area for this disease. However, the changes in hematological parameters among Nepalese population have not been well documented in correlation with culture diagnosed cases. Methods: A total of 204 individuals (102 cases and 102 controls) were included in a cross-sectional, analytical comparative study. The cases and controls were recruited from the tertiary care centers in Kathmandu. The hematological parameters from both culture diagnosed and controls were measured. Results: Enteric fever (102 culture positive cases) caused a significant decrease in total white blood cell (p < 0.05), blood platelet count (p < 0.05), lymphocyte (p < 0.05), packed cell volume (p < 0.05), eosinophils (p < 0.05) and haemoglobin (p < 0.05) compared to healthy controls. Similarly, enteric fever led to significant increase in neutrophil and monocyte count in enteric fever patients (p < 0.05).S. typhi was isolated in 60 (59%) and S. paratyphi was isolated in 42 (41%) of the patients. Anemia was found in 24 (23.52 %).Leucopenia was found in 8 (7.84%) patients, leucocytosis in 3(2.94%), neutrophilia in 29 (28.43%), lymphocytopenia in 19 (18.62%), monocytopenia in 48 (47.05%), absolute eosinopenia in 95 (93.13%), thrombocytopenia in 24(23.52%) and thrombocytosis in 2(1.96%). Conclusion: Enteric fever was associated with leucopenia, mild neutrophilia, lymphopenia, absolute eosinopenia and decrease in haemoglobin among culture positive patients. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi contributed febrile burden higher 59% (60). Keywords: Enteric fever, Hematological parameters, SalmonellaPublication Physicians and communities knowledge and awareness about new vaccines in immunization program: A study to derive lesson for increasing uptake(Kathmandu University, 2010) Lahariya, C; Khandekar, J; Vachher, AS; Pradhan, SK; UG Students Research GroupAbstract Background: The knowledge, attitude of physicians about any interventions has effect on the practices while the perceptions about such intervention by caregivers have impact on the acceptance in community. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of physicians and perception of the caregivers about new vaccines, and to identify the solutions to address the knowledge gap, if any. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted a major city of India from Sept 2006- Jan 2007. 107 physicians and 298 caregivers were interviewed using a pre-tested semi structured interview schedule. The data so collected was analyzed using chi square test and proportions. P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: It was found that only 3/5th physicians were aware that typhoid vaccination was part of the immunisation program. The knowledge about all the aspects of typhoid was poor amongst physicians in comparison of other vaccine (Hepatitis B) in the immunisation program. Physicians at private health facilities had poor knowledge than those working at government health facilities. However, majority of the physicians had positive attitude towards typhoid vaccination. All the caregivers had heard about typhoid disease and 39.8% about the vaccine also. Almost 80% of them were ready to pay for typhoid vaccination. Conclusions: The study underlines the need for special efforts to increase the awareness about typhoid vaccination amongst these groups to increase the uptake of the vaccine. Key words: Child Health; Hepatitis B, India, Newer vaccines, Typhoid