Browsing by Author "Rahman, TR"
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Publication Analgesia after inguinal herniotomy in children: Combination of simplified (Single Puncture) ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks and wound infiltration vs. caudal block with 0.25% bupivacaine(Kathmandu University, 2005) Bhattarai, BK; Rahman, TR; Sah, BP; Tuladhar, URObjective: To assess whether simplified ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block in combination with minimal wound infiltration with local anaesthetic is better than caudal block with local anaesthetic alone in children undergoing inguinal herniotomy for easy transition to safe oral analgesia. Subject and Methods: Sixty children of both sexes undergoing herniotomy were allocated randomly to receive either simplified (single puncture) ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block described by Dalens in combination with small volume wound infiltration with 0.1ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine (Group I) or caudal block with 1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine (Group II) at the end of surgery under general anaesthesia using halothane in oxygen and nitrous oxide mixture. Duration of analgesia, complication associated, parents and children’s satisfaction were compared. Results: The mean duration of analgesia was 253±102.6 minutes in group I as compared to 219.6±48.4 minutes in group II. Six (20%) patients in group I and two (6.67%) patients in group II required parenteral analgesic. Complications and parents and children’s satisfaction were comparable in both the groups. Conclusion: Simplified ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks described by Dalens in combination with small volume local anaesthetic wound infiltration with its longer mean duration of analgesia offers better safety margin to start oral analgesics than caudal block with local anaesthetic alone in children undergoing herniotomy. Larger studies may further confirm the findings. Key words: Simplified ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks, wound infiltration, caudal blockPublication Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy: An initial experience in community based teaching hospital(Kathmandu University, 2006) Joshi, S; Agrawal, B; Deo, GP; Bhattarai, BK; Rahman, TR; Biswas, BKPercutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) is frequently performed in the intensive care unit to prevent the long term complications associated with prolonged endotracheal intubation. Objective: To report the analysis of our experience with percutaneous dilation tracheostomy. Study Design: A prospective documentation of 40 patients who received percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit during a 12-month period. Method: The patients demographic, indications of intubation and PDT, time required to perform the procedure, complications and the outcome of these patients in the intensive care unit were noted. Result: Among 425 patients, 40 underwent percutaneous dilational tracheostomy that included 22 females and 18 males with the median age of 35 years. Prolonged ventilatory support was the most common indication for tracheostomy. The average duration of intubation before PDT was 5 days. Median procedure time was 20 minutes. Complications included minor bleeding in two (5%), subcutaneous emphysema with pneumothorax in two patients (5%), tracheal stenosis in three (7.5%), tracheo-esophageal fistula and glottic granuloma in one patient each (2.5%). Among forty patients, 28 (70%) were discharged to the ward, 8 died in intensive care unit and 4 left hospital against medical advice. Conclusion: Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy is a safe, quick and effective way for long term airway management in critically ill patients.Publication Propofol Sedation During Spinal Anaesthesia - A Dose Finding Study(Kathmandu University, 2011) Ghimire, A; Bhattarai, B; Rahman, TR; Singh, SN; Koirala, S; Tripathi, MABSTRACT Background It is important to be able to measure and maintain a specific sedation level to compare outcomes of different levels of sedation during anesthesia and the aims include general patient comfort, freedom from specific discomfort, and some amnesia for both the block procedure and the surgical operation, in order to meet the patient’s preference and safety. In this prospective randomized clinical study, we compared the three different infusion doses of propofol. Objective To find out the appropriate infusion dose of propofol for optimal sedation without causing undue side effects in patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia. Method One hundred twenty patients ASA PS I-II were randomly allocated to three groups 1, 2 and 3 receiving propofol infusion at the rate of 25, 50 and 75 microgram/kg/ min with concentration of (0.5%), (1%) and (1.5%) respectively. They were observed for sedation score, hemodynamic parameters and satisfaction level. The adverse effects like respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting score were assessed. Result Median sedation score increased in a dose dependent manner, with significantly higher scores in group 2 and 3 compared with group 1. Hemodynamic parameters were better in group 1 and 2 as judged by mephentermine requirement. The awakening time after stoppage of infusion was significantly delayed in group 3 (p < 0.001). Respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting were comparable clinically. Almost three fourth of the patients were satisfied with the techniques used. Conclusion Propofol infusion at the rate of 50mcg/kg/min for sedation in spinal anaesthesia provides optimal sedation, early awakening and excellent satisfaction level in the postoperative period KEYWORDS propofol, sedation, spinal anaesthesia.