Browsing by Author "Rai, Amita"
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Publication Assessment of Severity and Pattern of Early Childhood Caries Using ICDAS II Criteria: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Rai, Amita; Sundas, Sunanda; Dhakal, Neha; Khapung, AnjuAbstract Introduction: Early childhood caries is highly prevalent worldwide. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System incorporates both the non-cavitated and cavitated carious lesions with acceptable reliability. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence, severity and pattern of early childhood caries among children visiting outpatient department of a dental college in Nepal. The study also aimed to compare the severity and pattern based on individual tooth type. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 children of age group 24-71 months. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System II criteria was used to detect dental caries, and its severity and pattern. The ethical approval was taken from the institutional ethical committee (IRC Reference number: 1, 36, 2079/2080 IRC PDCH 2022 21). Results: Highest caries prevalence was seen among 48 to 60 month olds, whereas lowest prevalence was seen among the 24 to 35 month-old children. Based on severity, dentinal caries (Code 5) 526 (13.19%) was the most prevalent and undermined dentinal caries (Code 4) 36 (0.9%) was the least prevalent. The most common pattern of dental caries was multi-surface caries 644 (16.15%), and the least common pattern was the lingual surface caries 22 (0.55%). Prevalence of dental caries was highest in occlusal surface of mandibular second molars 151 (37.75%), and 227 (5.69%) of the teeth had received restoration and sealants of some sort (CARS). Conclusions: Majority of the children enrolled in the study had multiple cavitated and non-cavitated carious teeth involving different surfaces. Severity and pattern of caries also varied among individual tooth type.Publication Lip Print Pattern among Children Visiting Dental Out patient department(Nepal Health Research Council, 2023) Rai, Amita; Chaulagain, RajibAbstract Background: Lip print patterns are unique in every individual. The uniqueness of lip print pattern assists in the personal identification. The objectives of the present study were to study the different lip print patterns among the children visiting Kanti Children’s Hospital, and to compare the distribution of lip print patterns based on gender and race. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 children visiting the Dental Outpatient Department of Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Convenience sampling method was used to choose the study subjects. Digital photography method was used to record the image of lips. Results: The study showed ‘Long vertical’ (Type I) as the most frequent (41%) type of lip print pattern, whereas ‘Unspecified’ (Type V) was the least frequent (2.7%) type. Prevalence of ‘Type I’ pattern was significantly higher in males as compared to females (p=0.007) whereas prevalence of ‘Type IV’ pattern was significantly higher in females as compared to males (p=0.006). ‘Type I’ pattern was the commonest lip print pattern among both Caucasians and Mongolian, whereas ‘Type V’ (2%) and ‘Type IV’ (3.7%) were the least common lip print patterns in Caucasians and Mongolian children respectively. Conclusions: ‘Long vertical’ (Type I) was the most common lip print pattern among the children visiting the Dental Outpatient Department of Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Nevertheless, in higher or lesser numbers, all kinds of lip print patterns as described by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi were seen in the study population. Keywords: Children; gender; lip print patterns; race.