Browsing by Author "Ranjit, N"
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Publication Epiglottal taste buds and different feeding habits of mammals(Institute of Medicine, 2015) Shrestha, R; Ranjit, NAbstract Introduction: Taste buds which occur on the laryngeal surface of epiglottis of mammals share many similarities with lingual taste buds, although their function is different. These taste buds mediate reflex action to close the laryngeal opening or initiate the cough reflex when food comes in contact with the posterior surface of the epiglottis. Methods: Repeated microscopic studies were carried out on 6 μm serial haematoxylin and eosin stained sections of epiglottides of buffalo, guinea pig, house rat, human, lamb and rabbit. Quantitative investigation was carried out on the taste buds on the rostral, middle and caudal regions of the epiglottides of each of these mammals. Relative frequency of occurrence value for comparative assessment of taste buds is proposed here. Results: The average number of taste buds was found higher in the herbivorous buffalo, goat and rabbit; while the number was lower in the omnivorous guinea pig, house rat and the human. The density of taste buds was found to be directly proportional to the feeding behaviour of mammals, showing their significant role in inducing reflexes for safe passage of bolus through the oesophagus and for prevention of the respiratory tract congestion. Conclusion: Since the number of taste buds was found higher in the herbivorous mammals, it was concluded that the bigger the volume of the bolus the higher is the density of epiglottal taste buds. These taste buds are adapted to protect the respiratory passage during swallowing and drinking by initiating the reflex action. Keywords: Food bolus, Herbivores, Laryngeal reflexes, Omnivores, Relative Frequency of OccurrencePublication Morphometric study of trachea in adult cadavers(Institute of Medicine, 2018) Bhandari, R; Ranjit, N; Shrestha, R; Shrestha, A; Adhikari, B; Shrestha, RNAbstract Introduction: Knowledge of tracheal morphometry is essential for carrying out interventional procedures of the airway like endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy and tracheal stenting. It has been described that the length of human trachea ranges from 10 to 11 cm and the internal tracheal diameter in transverse axis is about 12 mm in adults. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the tracheal length and its internal and external diameters from adult Nepalese cadavers. Methods: A total number of 182 cadavers, 132 male and 50 female, with Nepalese nationality were studied. The study subjects were 18 years or above. Tracheal length, internal and external tracheal diameters in anteroposterior and transverse axes were measured after photographic record of the sample. Result: The mean tracheal length was 82.87±8.3 mm in male and77.59±9.3 mm in female. The TEDAP were 18.95±2.0 mm and 15.83±2.2 mm in male and female respectively. The TEDTR were 23.73±3.5 mm and 20.70±3.0 mm in males and females respectively. The TIDAP in males was 9.34±2.2 mm and in females was 6.88±1.7 mm. The TIDTR was 13.24±2.9 mm in males and 10.51±2.9 mm in females. Conclusion: The tracheal dimensions of our study showed marked dissimilarity with those of the studies conducted in western population. Keywords: endotracheal intubation, tracheal diameter, tracheal length