Browsing by Author "SK, Joshi"
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Publication Publication Publication Publication Environmental noise induced hearing loss in Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2003) SK, Joshi; S, Devkota; S, Chamling; S, ShresthaIntroduction: Noise pollution in urban cities is a serious problem and steadily increasing over the years. This has direct and indirect affect to the people that can lead to the health hazard. Objectives: To find out environmental noise induced health effect on people residing in an urban community and to predict the risk of the environmental noise induced hearing loss Material and methods: One hundred fifty questionnaires were filled up for the environmental noise pollution survey. For the case control study, 36 exposed and 25 non-exposed residents of Kupondole were included. Based on the place of residence (main road and 20 min. walking distance from the main road), subjects were divided into exposed and non-exposed group concerning environmental noise. Demographic data and information about health problems was obtained by a structured interview. Audiometric test was performed using manual audiometer. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for noise induced hearing loss were estimated using logistic regression. Adjustment for occupational noise was done Results: The major health effect induced by the environmental noise was observed as lack of concentration followed by irritation, fatigue and headache. The crude OR and 95% CI for the exposed subjects was 4.2 (1.4, 12). After adjustment for occupational noise, the OR (95% CI) was 4.0 (1.2, 13). Conclusion: This study shows that exposure to noise causes wide range of health effects. For the exposed subjects there was an increased risk of noise induced hearing loss. The risk was significantly increased also after adjusting for occupational noise. Keywords: Environmental Noise, Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL), Audiometric Test, Noise Pollution Survey, NepalPublication Publication Serological Prevalence of Antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) among Healthy Nepalese Males – A Retrospective Study(Kathmandu University, 2003) SK, Joshi; GR, GhimireA retrospective data analysis for sero-prevalence of antibodies to HIV, HBV and syphilis was carried out during the period 3 rd September 2003 to 3 rd June 2004 in 627 apparently healthy Nepalese males aged 17 to 48 years and association of the diseases with age group and blood group were analyzed. The study showed the prevalence of HIV, HBV and syphilis being 1.6%, 2.7% and 0.6% respectively. Analysis of blood group showed that 97.76% of total male population having Rhesus positive blood. Among them, O “positive” was the most common blood group with 31.9% followed by A “positive”, B “positive” and AB “positive” respectively. The analysis of relationship showed a tendency of high affinity of those diseases in the subjects with O “positive” blood group. However, no real association of those infections was found with the blood group (HIV: X2 = 0.902, P = 0.99; HBsAg: X 2 = 1.212, P = 0.99; RPR: X 2 = 3.975, P = 0.789). Key Words: HIV, AIDS, HBV, HBsAg, STD, RPR, NepalPublication Solid biomass fuel: Indoor air pollution and health effects(Kathmandu University, 2006) SK, JoshiNA