NepMed Repository :: Browsing by Author "Sah, SK"

Browsing by Author "Sah, SK"

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Comparison of Alert, Response to Verbal Stimulus, Response to Pain, Unresponsive (AVPU) Scale with Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale for Assessing Level of Consciousness in Infants and Children
(Kathmandu University, 2025) Prakash, B; Shrestha, NJ; Prakash, K; Sah, SK; Prakash, P; Raymajhi, A
ABSTRACT Background Altered consciousness is a neurological emergency in pediatrics, with high morbidity and mortality. The Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (pGCS) is commonly used to assess altered sensorium in children. The Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive (AVPU) scale is a simple and easy-to-use alternative assessment tool that records patient response to verbal, painful stimuli, and unresponsiveness. Objective To compare the effectiveness of the Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive with the pediatric glasgow coma scale in assessing conscious level in infant and children with altered sensorium. Method This hospital-based observational study was conducted in Kanti Children’s Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu Nepal, for 12 months. All children aged from 2 months to 14 years with altered sensorium in the emergency department and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), who met inclusion criteria, were enrolled and assessed using AVPU and pGCS scales. Result The study included 55 cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. Most cases (60%) were under 5 years old, with a mean age of 2.16 years. Infectious origin was the most common etiology (64%), where meningitis was the most common diagnosis (38%). AVPU and pGCS scores varied based on patient response: A/V/P/U of AVPU scale corresponded with mean pGCS score of 14, 12.5, 9.29 and 3.80 respectively. Conclusion After the statistically comparison, it was significantly easier to use AVPU scale for assessing conscious level in infants and children at peripheral and tertiary centers with busy emergency departments as compared to the pGCS scale. KEY WORDS Alert, response to verbal stimulus, response to pain, unresponsive scale (AVPU), Glasgow coma scale, Level of consciousness, Pediatric glasgow coma scale
Epidermoid Cyst of the Ear Lobule in Adult
(Kathmandu University, 2021) Karmacharya, S; Sah, SK; Adhikari, S
ABSTRACT An epidermoid cyst is one of the most common benign cysts of the skin. The cyst is filled with keratin flakes and its wall is composed of keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium. Epidermoid cysts can occur anywhere on the body, usually along the lines of embryonic fusion and mostly on the face, scalp, neck, chest, and upper back. Around 80% of the epidermoid cysts are seen in ovaries and testicles whereas, in the head and neck, they account for only about 7% and 1.6% of epidermoid cysts are reported in the oral cavity. The condition can be congenital or acquired. Congenital causes are rare and may be caused by the entrapment of ectodermal elements intradermally or subcutaneously during embryogenesis. Acquired causes of an epidermoid cyst may result from traumatic or iatrogenic implantation of epithelial cells into the dermal layer or from obstruction of a pilosebaceous unit in the hair follicle. Surgical excision completes the treatment. KEY WORDS Auricle, Epidermoid cyst, Keratin
Status of Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Undergraduate Medical Students of a Private Medical College in Lalitpur District
(Kathmandu University, 2025) Sah, SK; Singh, N; Pandey, S; Sherpa (Lama), AT; Panta, PP; Shah, S; Ghising, K; Rai, N
ABSTRACT Background Hypertension, a significant global health concern, warrants exploration within the unique context of medical student populations. Hypertension is a silent killer and is a leading cause of premature morbidity and mortality particularly in developing countries including Nepal. Medical students are prone to stress, long working hours, unsteady and unhealthy lifestyles such as lack of exercise, eating unhealthy food which are high risk factors contributing to hypertension. Objective To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among undergraduate medical students. Method A Cross-sectional study was conducted between August to November 2023 among the undergraduate medical students from first-year to final-year and interns at a teaching hospital after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. A total enumeration sampling technique was used. Chi square test was used to determine the association between variable and P value less than 0.05 was fixed for statistically significant. Result Out of 500 participants, 234 (46.80%) were reported to have hypertension according to the classification of the American Heart Association, 2023. Among them, 169 (72.22%) were male and 65 (27.78%) were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. Male participants had significantly higher odds of developing hypertension compared to females, with a crude odds ratio (COR) of 3.116 (95% CI: 2.144–4.53, p < 0.001) and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 2.815 (95% CI: 1.914–4.139, p < 0.001). Participants categorized as “Obese” also had significantly higher odds of developing hypertension compared to “Non-obese” individuals, with a COR of 1.862 (95% CI: 1.189–2.916, p = 0.006) and an AOR of 1.636 (95% CI: 1.026–2.607, p = 0.039). Conclusion The high frequency of hypertension in this study could indicate a hidden epidemic among medical students. The results suggest that effective health screening and routine examinations are necessary, in addition to measures that support healthy lifestyles. KEY WORDS Alcohol consumption, Blood pressure, Hypertension, Obesity, Sex, Smoking habit

Browsing by Author "Sah, SK"

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