Browsing by Author "Shah, DN"
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Publication Alport’s syndrome(Kathmandu University, 2010) Bastola, P; Joshi, SN; Chaudhary, M; Shah, DNAbstract Alport’s syndrome (Haemorrhagic Familial Nephritis) is a rare syndrome. It encompasses a group of heterogeneously inherited disorders involving the basement membrane of the kidney frequently involving the cochlea and the eye. We describe here the detailed ocular findings and the systemic problems of a case of Alport's syndrome in a 30 years male from Nepal. The current understanding of the clinical features and aetiopathogenesis are also discussed. Key words: Alport’s syndrome, Anterior lenticonus, Oil droplet sign, Anterior capsular cataract, Perimacular flecksPublication Increase use of contact lenses for optical correction(Institute of Medicine, 2006) Poudel, P; Khadka, J; Sakya, S; Shrestha, JK; Shah, DNAbstract Introduction: Contact lenses (CL) are considered as a widely accepted modality of refractive correction in the last few decades, though their history is nearly about 100 years old. Millions of people are wearing contact lenses all over the world. Every year the number of CL wearers has increased significantly. No definite statistics are available regarding the number of people wearing contact lenses in Nepal. Contact lenses are not used only for refractive correction but also for therapeutic and cosmetic use. Methods: The main purpose of the study was to find the popularity of contact lenses irrespective to other optical correction. A hospital based retrospective study was conducted evaluating the medical records of 848 CL patients attended in CL clinic at B. P. Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies. Results: In this study, the number of CL wearers was found to increase significantly every year. The number of contact lens wearers in the year 2002-2003 was 158 where as in the later years the number reached up to 326 and 364 respectively. Similarly, the numbers of RGP wearers and bandage CL wearers also increased significantly in comparison to previous years. Almost 90 percent wearers were using soft contact lens. It was found to be more popular among the age group of 21yrs to 30 yrs. The number of female wearers was predominant than the male wearers. The contact lens wear ocular complications were found to be very rare. Conclusion: In Nepal, contact lenses are being considered as suitable alternatives for optical correction due to better cosmesis than the conventional mode of optical correction.Publication Ocular Manifestations of Meningitis in Children(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2012) Chaudhary, M; Shah, DN; Sharma, PRAbstract: Introduction: Meningitis is the most common central nervous system disease affecting children leading to focal neurological deficits and various oculovisual anomalies including blindness in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oculovisual anomalies occurring in Nepalese children suffering from different types of bacterial meningitis. Materials and Methods: A Prospective, study was undertaken for 18 months at B.P.Koirala Lion’s Center for ophthalmic studies, TU Teaching Hospital to study the children suffering from bacterial meningitis admitted at Kanti Children’s Hospital for ocular involvement. A through history, anterior and posterior segment ocular examination and investigations like blood, CSF and CT scan were done. Results: A total of 182 cases of bacterial meningitis were screened. Tubercular meningitis cases were 40 (21.97%) and Pyogenic were 142 (78.02%). Oculovisual anomalies were seen in 70 (38.46%) cases. The ocular abnormalities included pupillary changes (34.28%), Cranial Nerve Palsy (22.86%), Fundus changes (35.72%), Cortical Blindness (4.28%), Panophthalmitis and Proptosis (1.43%). Third nerve involvement was seen in 17.14% cases, sixth nerve in 4.29% cases, Papilledema in 11.43 % and Optic atrophy in 22.86 %. Risk factors included late presentation; hydrocephalous and increased CSF cell count and protein level. Conclusion: Oculovisual anomalies formed an important group of clinical manifestations of bacterial meningitis. Incidence of oculovisual anomalies was more frequently seen in Tubercular meningitis (55%).Children with early presentation and intervention had better prognosis. Hence, timely intervention and health education is important.Publication Orbito-Cranial Injury Caused by Penetrating Wooden Piece(Institute of Medicine, 2013) Gautam, P; Shah, DNAbstract We present the case of a 35-year-old man with history of fall 2 days back and an upperlid laceration with foreign body seen in the wound with a new onset of seizure disorder that was found to harbor anintra-parenchymal foreign body related to orbital trauma. Imaging revealed a pneumo-cephalus in the extra-axial space over right frontal lobe anterior pole with focal laceration in basal area of frontal lobe with an obliquely oriented fat/ air attenuating foreign body lodged in the basal area of frontal lobe extending from roof of orbit medially with foreign body indenting the right globe inferiorly.Publication Tearfilm immunoglobulin E (IgE) level in vernal keratoconjunctivitis by ELISA(Kathmandu University, 2009) Pokharel, S; Shah, DN; Joshi, SN; Choudhary, MAbstract Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is recurrent chronic allergic conjunctivitis occurring in the prepubertal age-group with secondary involvement of the cornea and is self-limiting in character. The disease is prevalent world- wide but it shows predominance in the areas with dry and warm climate including the South Asia. VKC represents about 3% of the serious ophthalmic disease in some parts of the world where the prevalence is rate is high.Type I hypersensitivity reaction which is IgE-dependent and type IV hypersensitivity reaction have been implicated for the pathogenesis VKC. Objective: To determine level of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the tear film of patients with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) attending outpatient department of BP Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies (BPKLCOS). Materials and methods: Thirty-four VKC patients and thirty-four controls were included in this study. Tear samples were collected using micro- capillary glass tube method and tear IgE levels were measured using an enzyme – linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: There was high concentration of tear IgE level in VKC (95.09IU/ml) than in controls (1.63IU/ml) though the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.16). No statistically significant difference was observed in male and female gender within VKC group and when compared with control group (in male group, p=0.21 and in female group, p=0.26). There was no statistically significant difference observed in tear IgE level in different age groups within VKC group and when compared with control group (p=0.30). The result did not show any significant difference in tear IgE level with respect to the duration of the disease (p=0.23).There was no statistically significant difference in tear IgE level with different episodes of VKC (p=0.69). No statistically significant difference of IgE concentration in tear was seen among different types of VKC (p=0.53) and grades of tarsal and limbal papillae (p= 0.72). Conclusion: There was high concentration of tear IgE level observed in VKC. Key words: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, Tearfilm, IgE level, Type I hypersensitivity reaction, Type IV hupersensitivity reaction.Publication The role of the injection Botulinum Toxin A in cases of Essential Blepharospasm Syndrome, Hemifacial Spasm and Meige’s Syndrome(Kathmandu University, 2010) Bastola, P; Chaudhary, M; Agrawal, JP; Shah, DNABSTRACT Background Benign Essential Blepharospasm Symdrome is a neuropathologic disorder. The cause of blepharospasm is multifactorial. It is unlikely that a single defect in this elusive control centre is the primary cause of this disease. Objectives To evaluate the role of botulinum toxin A in treating cases of Essential Blepharospasm Symdrome, Hemifacial Spasm and Meige’s Syndrome, and to assess orbicularis oculi muscle post treatment, in the patients who attended neuro-ophthalmology clinic and the general outpatient department of BP Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic studies. Methods A prospective, interventional study was carried out on all the patients of Essential Blepharospasm Symdrome, Hemifacial Spasm and Meige’s syndrome who underwent treatment with botulinum toxin A in BP Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic studies during a study period of one and half years. Pre- treatment grading of the spasm was done with Jankovic spasm grading and post treatment response was seen with assessment of orbicularis oculi muscle and improvement in functional impairment scale. Relevant findings were noted. Results A total of 40 cases were enrolled in the study. The mean Jankovic spasm grading in cases of essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and Meige’s syndrome was 3.61 (+ Standard deviation 0.50, range 3-4), 3.21 (+Standard deviation 0.63, range 2-4) and 3.67 (+- Standard deviation 0.57, range 3-4) respectively. The mean value for reappearance of significant spasms (in months) in cases of essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and Meige’s syndrome was 4.3 (+ Standard deviation 1.6, range 2.0-6.5), 5.8 (+Standard deviation 1.4, range 3-8) and 4.5 (+ Std.deviation 2.8, range 2.5-6.5) respectively. Blepharoptosis was the commonest complication accounting for 66.6% of the complications. Conclusions The movement disorders like Essential Blepharospasm, Hemifacial Hpasm and Meige’s syndrome are treated by different modalities. An acceptable and effective treatment modality has been a long felt need in these cases. Our study has shown that injection of botulinum toxin A has been a safe and effective method of treating these cases in Nepal. Key Words essential blepharospasm syndrome, hemifacial spasm, jankovic spasm grading, meige’s syndromePublication Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: Modes of presentation in Nepalese population(Kathmandu University, 2007) Pokharel, S; Shah, DN; Choudhary, MAbstract Objective: To determine pattern of clinical presentation in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in our context. Methods: Thirty-four VKC patients were included in this study. Results: The study revealed prepubertal onset with male preponderance and most frequently encountered symptom in the study among VKC cases was itching (100%) followed by redness of eyes and discharge (76.5% each) and the commonest sign was tarsal papillae (100%) followed by conjunctival hyperemia (91%) in 68 eyes of 34 cases of VKC. Conclusion: The clinical presentation of VKC cases in our country is very much similar to the findings of other parts of the world.