Browsing by Author "Shrestha, Dipty"
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Publication Clinical Profile of Patients with Infertility Presenting to Tertiary Care Center: An Observational Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2025) Tiwari, Jyotshna; Shrestha, Dipty; Thapa, Durga; Rawal, Sirjana; Kafle, RijanAbstract Introduction: Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular unprotected sexual activity, is a significant global health concern. It affects couples across the world, with prevalence rates varying between 3.5-16.7% in developed countries and 6.9-9.3% in developing nations. This study aims to explore the sociodemographic profiles and contributing factors in both men and women among infertility patients at a tertiary care center. Methods: An observational cross-section study was conducted at a tertiary care center and participants were between 18 and 42 years old with infertility for one year or longer, excluding those who had received treatment or were pregnant. The data was collected from December 2023 to May 2024. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Data were collected using a structure proforma through in-person interviews or telephone calls and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences with descriptive statistics. Results: Among 170 couples with infertility, primary infertility was observed in 124 (72.94%) and secondary infertility in 46 (27.06%). The median duration of marriage was 5 years (IQR: 4–7). Among women, 37 (21.76%) had tubal blockages, 16 (9.41%) had polycystic ovarian disease, and 6 (3.53%) had fibroids. Among men, 58 (34.12%) had semen abnormalities, with oligospermia being the most common in 25 (14.71%). Hormonal analysis revealed that 68 (40%) of women had elevated anti-Müllerian hormone levels, frequently linked to polycystic ovarian syndrome. Conclusions: These findings show that infertility is rarely due to a single cause. It commonly involves both partners and requires a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment.Publication Down Syndrome Screening among Pregnant Women Visiting the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a Tertiary Care Centre(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Sharma, Jyotshna; Thapa, Meena; Yadav, Ranjana; Shrestha, DiptyAbstract Introduction: The screening of Down’s syndrome by the measurement of serum markers using dual and quadruple tests in the second trimester is done among obstetric patients between 13 to 22 weeks of gestation. The test readings are signified in terms of low-risk or high-risk. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of Downs syndrome screening among pregnant women visiting the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 April 2022 to 15 December 2022 among patients visiting the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care centre. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee. Women with a singleton pregnancy who underwent dual and quadruple screening tests at 11 to 22 weeks of gestation were taken and analysed as per reports. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 268 women, Down syndrome screening was done in 200 (74.63%) (69.42-79.84, 95% Confidence Interval). Among them, 168 (84%) had a low risk for Down syndrome, and 32 (16%) had a high risk for Down syndrome. Conclusions: The prevalence of Downs syndrome screening among pregnant women visiting the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care centre was found to be similar to other studies done in similar settings.